Contextual Extracts from Medical Journals

Medical Society Minutes of interest when Snow is not necessarily mentioned. Articles on cholera, anesthesia, public health, etc. 1918-1929

Andrew Ure, "New experimental researches on some of the leading doctrines of caloric . . . ," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 108 (1818): 338-94. [cited by Snow in his paper on capillary circulation]
Frederick Corbyn, "Account of the epidemic spasmodic cholera, which has late prevailed in India, . . . ," M-CTrans 11 (1821): 110-64. [extracts from letters and reports , dated 7 September 1819, read at 9 May 1820 meeting (by Sir Gilbert Blane, M.D.?) The first letter gives some harrowing descriptions of "this singular and calamitous epidemic" in India, and the treatment initially used, "confirmed and improved by further observation and experience" (111). Very much in the Sydenham model of relying on observations at the bedside; also accepts Sydenham's epidemic constitution theory, "for we learn from the practice of Sydenham that this disease was twice epidemic in London, in the end of summer and the beginning of autumn" (112). Gilbert writes, "So many of those who are exposed to it, escape it, that I am unwilling, as well as unable, to believe it contagious" (117-18). But he includes differing opinions, including a surgeon who notes, "It is supposed to exist in the atmosphere, from its pervading every where so extensively; but how comes it to spread in opposition to a continual current of air, namely the S. W. Monsoon? Nevertheless the idea of its being contagious is entertained by few" (118). Mr. Surgeon Jukes, while considering cholera "very unlike contagion . . . in many particulars" (118), is confused because "the laws by which it has been moving, from place to place, are very unlike those of common epidemics" (119). Inclined to put greatest weight on local variations, including temperature, fertile land with "vegetation of rice to a noxious degree," "local effluvia" in form of "putrid exhalation" of miasmita [sic] from  "muddy soil" and "marshy bogs, acted upon by intense and suffocating heat" (120). Bombay Medical Board noted that "it appears to us incontrovertible, that it is capable of being transported from one place to another, as in cases of ordinary contagion or infection, and also to possess the power of propagating itself by the same means that acknowledged contagions do, that is, by the acquisition of fresh materials with which to assimilate, at the same time perhaps, subject to particular laws, with which we may never become acquainted" (140). Yet, Mr. Jukes cannot account for why some people in same houses, even in same families, escape : "We are utterly ignorant of any local circumstances to which such a change can be ascribed; unless by supposing that a diminution of temperature, together with exposure, may have called into action some latent remains of an active poison; otherwise it seems difficult to reconcile those facts with what is observed in ordinary epidemics" [ie., where general or local atmospheric causes prevail] (141-42). Another bit of testimony: "As every [contagious] epidemic, by accumulation of subjects, has a tendency to propagate its virus, I am cautious in reporting this disease no infectious. Almost every attendant in the Hospital, in the short space of six days, has had the disease" (142). A contrary report noted that no attendants became sick, despite "inhaling by day and night at every inspiration, mouthfuls of the infection. If the atmosphere was really loaded with contagious effluvia arising from the bodies of the patients in the hospital, the escape of these men (which has been complete) would be miraculous, indeed" (143). Only the report from Mauritius is decidedly in favor of contagion: "The circumstance which most obviously discriminates an epidemic arising from the morbid poison engendered in the human body, that is contagion, from those which arise from affections of the atmosphere, whether consisting in alterations of temperature or in contaminations from the soil, is that the progress of the former will necessarily be progressive and traceable to human intercourse, whereas the influence of the latter will as certainly be contemporaneous in situations more or less distant. . . . The spread of this malady has been strictly progressive, and evidently carried by human beings from one district to another. . ." (152). Also notes parallels to smallpox, and contagion via fomites (153). Resembles smallpox "in the subtleness of its communication, the infectious matter of both seeming more volatile than that of the plague;" this is a reference to untraceable breakouts a few miles distant from known places of contagion. "The only other hypothesis that has been devised to account for the remote cause of epidemics in general, besides the exhalations of the soil and the infectious effluvia of the living body is that which was suggested by Sydenham, of subterraneous mineral effluvia arising from time to time," which the author considers "an assumption purely gratuitous, and neither supported by fact nor countenanced by analogy" (155).

"Address." LMG 1 (1827-28): 1-3. [Saturday 8 December 1827. Inauguration of the journal, setting forth editorial principles. Subtitle: "being a weekly journal of medicine and the collateral sciences."

"Stethoscope." LMG 1 (1827-28): 242-44. [Ltr to editor by George Gregory, clarifying why he questioned the utility of the stethoscope at recent discussions at the Westminster Medical Society.]

"Stethoscope." LMG 1 (1827-28): 274-75. [Ltr to editor by James Johnson, explaining his endorsement of the instrument at the WMS and containing several rejoinders to Gregory.]

"The Stethoscope." LMG 1 (1827-28): 471-73. [Ltr to the editor by "A Stethoscoper," taking umbrage at the journal for making unfavorable comments about the instrument; editors reply that they have never taken a stand.]

"To the editor." Lancet 1 (1831-32): 339. [Ltr dated 28 November 1831, by James Johnson. Clarifies reporter's comments:  "‘That a focus of infection may be generated occasionally in deep cellars, and the crowded hovels of poverty, I do not doubt. The same thing takes place every year, with fevers and other diseases.'" This position constitutes "the doctrine of contingent contagion," which he has advocated as a characteristic of  "all febrile diseases, and distinctly admitted the possibility or even probability of such contingent contagion in cholera, before it invaded our shores." Claims that the Board of Health has reached the same conclusion, and quotes from a recent statement by it. "I have maintained, and still do maintain, that the great and primary cause of the epidemic cholera is not human contagion, or personal communication from individual to individual, but a principle with which we are unacquainted, and over which we have no control." In a postscript, he agrees with Drs. Russell and Barry that "cholera is not more infectious than typhus. . . . Derobe a typhus patient of filth and foul air (the contingencies to which I allude) and you take from the fever the power of propagation." Johnson's definition confirms our interpretation that the contemporary notion of infection offered an intellectual common ground for anti-contagionists and contagionists. Johnson was a local anti-contagionist/miasmatist.

"Westminster Medical Society," Lancet 2 (1831-32): 21-24. "Dr. Sigmond in the Chair. Discussion on the cholera.—Question of contagion. . . ." [Saturday, 31 March 1832. Discussion of "the diversity of doctrine regarding the atmospheric and contagious conveyance of the seeds of disease" (22). 

Dr. Johnson defends notion of contingent contagion, as well.]

"Westminster Medical Society," Lancet 2 (1831-32): 51-54. "Mr. Jewel in the Chair. The cholera." [Saturday, 7 April 1832. Continuation of discussion from previous meeting. Reporter notes that this meetings occured in the museum of the Hunterian School of Medicine in Windmill Street. Mr. Greenwood most vociferous advocate of contagion.]

"Westminster Medical Society," Lancet 2 (1831-32): 85-88. "Dr. Stewart in the Chair." [Saturday, 14 April 1832. Heated discussion continues.]
Editorial, Lancet 2 (1831-32): 122-25. [28 April 1832. Reminds readers that it recommended measures to ready the metropolis for an epidemic. Mode of transmission of cholera seems confusing: "If the operation of contagion was palpable in the transit of cholera from Berlin to Sanderland, the influence of some other cause is equally proved in the subsequent irruption of the disorder" (124).]

"Westminster Medical Society," Lancet 2 (1831-32): 146-50. "Mr. Chinnock, President. [28 April 1832. Discussion ends with a controversial vote (does it fall within the Society's by-laws to hold a vote on such short notice. Declaration: "That the Westminster Medical Society, having devoted the uninterrupted space of six months to the serious and dispassionate consideration of the malady which has been prevailing in England since the latter end of September last, and especially in the metropolis; . . .  declare that . . . the evidence brought forward to prove the said malady a contagious disease has completely failed . . . ." Vote was 24 to 22 in favor of the declaration – ie., cholera has "progressed, and ended, in the ordinary way of every other epidemic disease," that is, an atmospheric, non-contagious disease.]
Review of John Lizars, Substance of the Investigations Regarding Cholera Asphyxia, Lancet 2 (1831-32): 150-53. [includes summation of twenty dissections; Snow has a journal debate with Lizars in 1850 regarding administration of chloroform].
Editorial, Lancet 2 (1831-32): 157-58. [5 May 1832. "The proceedings at the rookery in Sackville-street have at length terminated . . ." (157). Re-assert the fence-sitting position articulated the previous week: that there is "irresistible evidence of the operation of contagion" (157) and "the possible agency of a mysterious influence" (158).

"Malignant cholera. Documents communicated by the Central Board of Health, London," Lancet 2 (1831-32): 274-77. [No. 1, Thomas Latta, M.D., describes his "treatment of cholera by aqueous and saline injections,"based on reading the Lancet "review of Dr. O'Shaughnessy's report on the chemical pathology of malignant cholera" (275). Compare with Snow's comments on Latta's treatment in the 1850s.]

"Malignant cholera," Lancet 2 (1831-32): 652-56. [Central Board of Health's Sanitary Regulations: Public Precautionary Measures; Individual Precautions; Treatment; three stages of the disease, plus "stage of re-action or fever"; recipes for pills, powders, draughts, mixture, liniment, mustard plaster, and turpentine fermentation.]           
T. M. Greenhow, "Treatment of malignant cholera at Newcastle," Lancet 1 (1832-33): 51-53. {Ltr. dated 19 September 1832. Mentions treatise of his own that he sent to Central Board, but does not wish to toot own horn. No plan of treatment, at present, appears to have a decided advantage over any others – including Dr. Stevens' saline treatment, which must be confirmed by others. Greenhow has found it beneficial to infuse copious amounts of water with minerals into intestines via the rectum and drinking, "quietude, fresh air, and comfortable clothing" (52) to restore vascularization in the stage of collapse. Will use calomel and opium in other stages. Greenhow was senior surgeon at the Newcastle Infirmary, where Snow attended clinical presentations and walked the wards in 1832-33.]

"Account of the schools of medicine in London, Session 1833-4," Lancet 1 (1833-34): 3-21. [use as a baseline for curriculum and range of schools available before Snow reached London.]

Jon. Pereira, "Lectures on materia medica, or pharmacology, and general therapeutics, " LMG 17 (1835-36): 9-12. [Introductory lecture; reprint of lectures delivered at Aldersgate School of Medicine. Use to clarify subject matter in one of required courses for both LSA and MRCS exams.]
G. Farr, "Cholera of North America," LMG 17 (1835-36): 43-49. [Ltr. dated 22 September 1835; a surgeon-apothecary who treated victims of spasmodic cholera N.A. Reviews his understanding of premonitory symptoms and stages; ends with section on morbid anatomy.]
A friend to medical students, "Court of Examiners of the Apothecaries' Society," LMG 17 (1835-36): 751. [issue of 6 Feb 36; reviews the organizational structure of the Society, and justifies actions of the examiners. Snow had a contretemps with the Court in 1838 over whether he could take his qualifying exams a few months early in order to be eligible for a post as hospital apothecary.]
Edward Joseph, "Malignant cholera, treated with turpentine frictions and enemas, and bleeding," Lancet 2 (1836): 824-25. [Ltr. dated 31 August 1836]
James G. Davey, "Pathology of fever and malignant cholera," Lancet 2 (1836): 865-67. [Ltr. 2 September 1836. Argues for a nervous seat of the disease.]

"Facts versus fallacies: being a hint to students on the opening of the session." LMG 19 (1836-37): 22-26. [Editorial in issue of 1 October 1836; expresses dismay at Wakley's representation of the North London Hospital as far and above all others. Undertakes an analysis of costs involved, and wonders why Wardrop's star (at the Hunterian) is no longer considered equal to Liston's in teaching surgery. Snow chose the Hunterian, and may have attended Wardrop's lectures; unclear if he read this editorial, however.]

"Account of the London hospitals and schools of medicine, open for the instruction of students in the medical session commencing October 1st, 1836," Lancet 1 (1837-37): 5-21.
George G. Sigmond, "Lectures on materia medica and therapeutics, now in course of delivery at the Windmill-Street School of Medicine," Lancet 1 (1836-37) and Lancet 2 (1837). [29 lectures, beginning with (1836-37): 115-25, through (1837): 889-95. However, John Epps was listed as the lecturer in materia medica at the Hunterian for that session, and as Snow's teacher in the subject on the examiner's sheet when Snow sat for the LSA.] [?? check particulars on Sigmond's postings.]
Magendie's lectures on physiology of the nervous system, delivered at the College de France in 1836, were translated and printed in Lancet in 1836-37.
William Cummin, M.D., "Lectures on Forensic Medicine; delivered at the Aldersgate School of Medicine." LMG 19 (1836-37). [24 lectures, reprinted between 1October 1836 and 18 March 1837. [Have copies of first page of each lecture, full copies of some.] May give an indication of the subjects that Snow may have covered when he succeeded to this position in 1846; the school closed in 1849.

"Accidents in Mines." LMG 19 (1836-37): 58-59. [issue of 8 October 1836. Argues for the superiority of the lamp constructed by Upton and Roberts over the Davy-lamp; includes extracts from letter by George Fife, M.D. of Newcastle, withdrawing his advocacy of the Davy-lamp.] Fife was one of Snow's teachers at the nascent Newcastle School of Medicine.

"London Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1836-37): 142-44. [Discussion of Hahnemannism – Homeopathy – at the 10 October 1836 meeting.] Snow condemns homeopathy in the 1840s, and dismisses the notion of allopathy as a legitimate appellation for regular medicine.

"London Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1836-37): 176. [In a continuation of the discussion of homeopathy, a resolution that "homeopathy was valueless, was proposed, but waived by mutual consent, the subject not to be re-discussed by the Society."]

"Row at Apothecaries' Hall." LMG 19 (1836-37): 147-48. [issue of 29 October 1836. Students caused a disturbance when some were not permitted to register, and were beaten off by beadles and constables.]

"Lectures on Forensic Medicine." LMG 19 (1836-37). [24 lectures by Dr. William Cummin, delivered at the Aldersgate School of Medicine; appeared between 1 October 1836 and 18 March 1837. Complete copy of first lecture; TOC of others; partial copy of lecture on human races]

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1836-37): 232. [Ltr to editor, in which "your constant reader" bemoans a proposal to move the meeting place of the Westminster Medical Society from its "highly respectable and commodious place of meeting" in the Museum of the Hunterian School of Medicine. Writer claims its an intrigue, prompted by jealousy of recent appointments to the staff of the Hunterian, particularly Dr. Grant.]

"On Dracunculus."  LMG 19: 217-21. [12 Nov 36 issue; circular describing the nematode and infestation, by Charles Collier, Deputy Inspector-General]

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1836-37): 373-74. [19 November 1836 meeting, at which Dr. Uwins presented a paper on "Hahnemannism"; negative views expressed by Rioffrey, Ure, A. T. Thomson, and Addison, after which the membership soundly reject the doctrine.

"Essay on the Uncertainty of Medical Science, and the Numerical Method of M. Louis." London Medical & Surgical Journal 10 (1936-37): 468-76. [Edwin Lankester, read at 25 November 1836 meeting of the Medical Society of the University of London.]

"Wakley and the Society of Apothecaries." LMG 19 (1836-37): 428-31. [editorial of 17 Dec]

"Late Outrage at Apothecaries' Hall." LMG 19 (1836-37): 549-50. [editorial, 7 Jan 37]

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1836-37): 567-69. [at 7 January 1837 meeting, Dr. James Johnson described an apparatus invented by a surgeon, Julius Jeffries, called "The Respirator," designed "to ensure to the wearer a supply of atmospheric air, of a certain temperature, under all vicissitudes, and to obviate the danger of sudden changes" (567).] This particular apparatus was later used by Snow as a source for his 1847 apparatus for administering ether at constant, predetermined temperatures in order to control the dosage given; however, Snow would not have been at this meeting–his first was in April ‘37–although he could have read about it in the Lancet.

"Examinations and Conduct of the Examiners at Apothecaries' Hall." LMG 19 (1836-37): 558-59 [7 January 1837]

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1836-37): 756-57. [4 February 1837 meeting: Dr. Bureaud Rioffrey alluded to some experiments made by Magendie with ether, and also with spirit, upon a guinea-pig, in which it was found that those substances, when introduced into the stomach, through a tube, the œsophagus being afterwards tied, escaped in the course of half an hour by the lungs" (757).
Advertisement. Lancet 1 (1836-37): 792. [Mr. Churchill, publisher, "of Princes-street."]

"Epidemic Catarrh." LMG 19 (1836-37): 626-29. [Editorial; major cause is "violent alteration" in the atmosphere]

"On the Forces which regulate the Internal Constitution of Bodies." LMG 19 (1836-37): 848-50.

"Eighteen tape-worms in a single patient."  LMG 19 (1836-37): 911. [issue of 11 March 37]

"Intestinal worms."  LMG 20 (1837): 87. [notice in issue 15 April of forthcoming tables by Rev. J. F. Hope of the Entomological Society; Rev Hope available on Tuesdays, noon - 4:00, in Society's rooms at 17 Old Bond-Street, to identify intestinal entozoon "that gentlemen . . . meet with."]

"Rev. J. F. Hope's [6] Tables of Intestinal Worms." LMG 20 (1837): 94-95, 142-43, 174, 206-207, 255, 286-87.

"Principles of the New University." LMG 20 (1837): 125-27.
Editorial. Lancet 2 (1837): 59-61. [1 April critique of the administration of the Westminster Hospital. "We alluded last week to the mal-treatment of the apothecary by the imposition upon him of unprofessional duties, in addition to those of his own department . . . . This officer is responsible to the Board, in the absence of the physicians and surgeon, for the proper treatment of all cases. He has to regulate the diet of the in-patients, and to compound the medicines prescribed for all the patients, both in and out, of the house. This would appear, in all conscience, to be enough labour for one functionary to execute" (59). But the Board also insists that he prepare, weekly, "a diet role for each ward," and make daily notations by each patient's name of what was provided. Grudgingly, the editor applauds the hospital's efficiency in maintaining 106 beds on much less, per bed, than at Guy's, St. Thomas's, and Bart's.] Snow applied for the vacant apothecary post a year later, but was refused because he had yet to complete the number of months in training at the hospital required by Apothecaries' Hall.
Review of Vital Statistics." LMG 20 (1837): 158-59. [by M.E. Mallet on population of Geneva]
A. T. Thomson, "Lectures on Medical Jurisprudence." Lancet 2 (1837): 65-74. [delivered at University of London; lecture 27 on public health, including nuisance trades, foul drains, "question of the contagion of cholera, etc. Thomson was a miasmatist: foul drains and cesspools are deleterious by virtue of "the exhalations arising from them infecting the atmosphere with the miasma of disease" (68). As to riverine fouling: "much filth may flow into a river or stream, and render the water disgusting, without so far contaminating it as to injure health. All the drains of this vast metropolis empty themselves into the Thames, yet the water, when filtered, is as wholesome as any obtained from the purest springs. This depends on the vast body o f water, and the constant change which it is undergoing, so that the poisonous contents of the drains are rendered inert by dilution, in the same manner as the poisonous exhalations emanating from some manufactories, are dissipated in the atmosphere by means of high chimneys. But the same reasoning does not hold with regard to tanks and stagnant waters, or wells . . ."(69). "Amongst the first, or strictly contagious diseases, I enumerate plague, itch, syphilis, . . . and perhaps Asiatic cholera. These diseases are communicable in every season of the year, in pure as well as impure air; in high and low situations; and many of them by means of fumes [apparent typo for fomes] preserved in clothes and substances, which have been in contact with the sick . . ." (71). "The object of our inquiry is the infectious or communicable nature of cholera. By this term communicable, is understood, not simply that it may pass from one individual to another, but that it may pass from persons, or clothes, containing its fomes, and be communicated to others through the medium of the air. In arranging the arguments on both sides, we must admit that it must have spontaneously arisen, although we are perfectly ignorant of the circumstances under which this happened" (73). Then he reviews the arguments in favor of communicability, in contrast to "epidemic diseases [which] spread extensively over countries . . ." (73). Notes arguments in favor of a non-infectious nature, but does not find them as persuasive. ] Thomson's reasoning that most nuisance trades do not pose hazards to public health is similar to  Snow's Parliamentary testimony.

"Influenza and Cholera." Lancet 2 (1837): 115. [Ltr to editor by "Ero.," dated March 1837: "They are both of an epidemic nature, arising, passing over the face of the earth, and disappearing, in a mysterious manner. Both seem to be influenced by the season of the year, or by the state of the atmosphere as regards heat and moisture. The course of both is, mostly, from east to west . . . In both affections the mucous membranes exhibits the chief morbid appearances."]

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 2 (1836-37): 123. [Mtg on Saturday, 8 April. Dr. Epps commented on negative effects of strychnine and liquor arsenicalis.] Stephanie Snow states in her dissertation that Snow attended this meeting, his first at the Society, as Epps' guest?

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 2 (1836-37): 227. [Mtg on Saturday, 22 April. Dr. Epps commented on nitrate of silver in curing a case of epilepsy.]

"Clinical instruction." LMG 20 (1837): 160-63. [Editorial of 29 April]

"Poisoning by arsenic." LMG 20 (1837): 308-10. [case report by John Coates; 27 May issue; self-administered powder of arsenic in successful suicide attempt. Coates was the attending surgeon, and describes symptoms.]
A. T. Thomson, "Lectures on medical jurisprudence." Lancet 2 (1837): 354-55. [in 3 June issue, published lecture #25 includes the following: "Arsenious acid, salts of copper and of mercury, . . . affect cats and dogs in the same manner they do men" (354). "Solution of sulphuretted hydrogen should colour, but not precipitate, the solution of arsenious acid" (355).

"Public Hygiene." LMG 20 (1837): 402-05. [pure water is 3rd on the list]

"Examinations and Rejections at Apothecaries' Hall." LMG 20 (1837): 693-96. [editorial of 5 August]

"Education of Apothecaries." LMG 20 (1837): 779-82. [ltr to ed' issue of 19 Agust]

"New genus of nematoidea." LMG 21 (1837-38): 29. [issue of 30 Sept 37]

"Lectures on Forensic Medicine." LMG 21 (1837-38). [14 lectures by Dr. Southwood Smith, delivered at the Aldersgate School of Medicine after the death of Dr. Cummin; appeared between 11 November 1837 and 23 June 1838. Only copied TOCs; missing #13. Southwood Smith takes a very different approach than Cummin – focuses on the symptoms of various diseases and conditions that future medical men would need to know in order to determine the cause of death.]

"Dr. Graves on the Treatment of Cholera." LMG 21 (1837-38): 100-02.

"Westminster Medical Society." LMG 21 (1837): 189. [First meeting of the society for the 1837-38 session was held on 22 October.] Snow's first full session asa  member.

"Creosote in cholera." Lancet 1 (1837-38): 214. [Ltr to editor dated 24 October 1837, on the "efficacy" of adding "a drop of creosote to each dose of calomel and opium" when treating a 40 year-old Irish reaper in the early stage of cholera.]

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1837-38): 391. [Meeting of 2 December 1837. Dr. Scott initiated a motion to have a deputation from the WMS meet with the Secretary of State to discuss poisonous candles; motion withdrawn since the Select Committee had yet to report. Also mention of Dr. Jewell – Snow's clinical instructor in midwifery and diseases of children.]

[???. Lancet 1 (1837-38): ?-461. [Discussion of cholera at a society meeting, unclear which. Dr.

(Richard?) Budd commented on treatment. Mr. French "did not believe the seat of the disease to be in the intestinal canal. It was an observation of Magendie that cholera commenced at the point where other diseases terminated, alluding to the extraordinary fact, that the irritability of the muscular structure of the heart was the last to remain in ordinary diseases, but in the one under consideration was the first derangement which manifested itself. It was by this lesion of the circulating system that he explained some of the most common phenomena which accompany the cholera, such as–the state of collapse, the condition of the bowels, the reaction, and the rapid convalescence, duri9ng which the craving for water is a remarkable occurrence" (461).

"Phrenological Society." Lancet 1 (1837-38): 615-16. [second meeting of the society in present session – perhaps January 1838 – in "Society's Rooms" at 75 Newman Street; Dr. Elliotson, President, in chair; paper read by Dr. Joseph Moore.]
T. B. Curling, "Lectures on the entozoa, or internal parasites of the human body." LMG 21 (1837-38): 518-23, 598-605, 634-39, 712-19, 791-95. [5 lectures, part of a course on morbid anatomy at the London Hospital; issues between 23 Dec 37 and 17 Feb 38]

"Experiments on animals with the blood of cholera patients." LMG 21 (1837-38): 779-80. [issue of 3 Feb 38; trans. of report by Namias from Venice]

"Westminster Medical Society." Lancet 1 (1837-38): 825-26. [On February 24, 1838, Dr. Johnson was back again at the podium, discussing a company recently formed to keep the Thames water pure by building sewers to divert all fecal contaminants from the river, delivering the sewage instead to reservoirs where it could be recovered in the form of manure for gardening.  There was extended discussion from the members, comparing this scheme to plans under way in several Continental cities, and mentioning in passing that, "The idea of continually feeding on the product of feculent matter was revolting" (826).  Several alluded to the ill health which was almost certain to result from the evaporation of gases from these reservoirs of sewage.  Mr. Costello added, "regarding the purity of the Thames water he might mention, that he had seen an apparatus for filtering, by which, in twenty minutes, as much water might be rendered perfectly pure as would fill a common-sized lock in a canal; this apparatus had been offered for sale to the various Water Companies in London, and none of them would purchase it!" (826).]

"Yellow Fever–Question of Contagion." LMG 21 (1837-38): 1021-26. [issue of 24 March 38; ltr to ed by Dr. Fergusson, arguing that yellow fever is neither contagious nor infections; uses expression "communicated from direct intercourse"]

"British Medical Association." Lancet 1 (1837-38): 941. [19 March 1838 meeting, approximately eighteen months since the BMA was founded.]

"Recollections of Cholera–Its Nature and Treatment." LMG 22 (1838): 265-70, 318-21. [W. Griffin, M.D. Lecture no. 12: on saline treatment – forced swallowing of fluids with salts; injections – via the rectum; saline injections by the veins – O'Shaughnessy and Latta, noting 282 published instances of which only 61 recovered. Wonders if the treatment was frequently employed as a final measure. "The fair deduction from all our present experience surely is, that injection by the veins has recovered more patients from collapse than any other treatment, on the average of all the cases in which it was tried." Then discusses several of the dangers attending this novel treatment.]
Marshall Hall, "Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine." Lancet 2 (1837-38): 350-60. [Issue of 9 June 1838. Currently being delivered at the Webb-Street Theatre of Anatomy and Medicine; this lecture on diseases of the alimentary canal. Includes cholera under the acute diseases, in two forms: Cholera Europæa ("arises rather suddenly from the influence of heat, in the autumnal season") and Cholera Indica ("terrible disease is epidemic or sporadic: in the former case it is of dreadful fatality. When sporadic, it is less so: its causes are very obscure" (357).
Review. Lancet 2 (1837-38): 366-67. [J. G. French, The Nature of Cholera Investigated. Surgeon to the St. James's Infirmary. Revision of an 1832 pamphlet, in which he believed the alimentary canal was the seat of cholera; but has altered his views and states that the disease is "essentially consists in paralysis of the heart" (366). Reviewer is not persuaded and finds many inconsistencies in French's argument.] French became a friend and admirer of Snow's indefatigable investigations by the 1850s.
Review. Lancet 2 (1837-38): 488-89. [G. Calvert Holland, An Inquiry into the Nature and Treatment of Cholera, in two parts. 30 June 1838 issue. "Dr. Holland is a contagionist, though in a limited sense of the term. He conceives ‘that the foul air immediately surrounding the patient, and chiefly produced through respiration, and the morbid secretions of the body, may be capable of generating the disease'" (488). We have termed this the infection wing under contagionists, but it overlaps with the contagionist exception accepted by some local miasmatists.]

"Putrescent exhalations." LMG 22 (1838): 783-84. [Issue of 11 August. Ltr. to editor, noting that in a Report to the Poor Law Commissioners on fever in London, that a Dr. S. Smith suggests "the possibility of demonstrating by direct experiment the presence of vegetable and animal matter in a high state of putrescency in the air collected in certain (malarious) situations" (783).  Then quotes the report: ‘It is proved further, that when this poison is diffused in the atmosphere, and transported to the lungs, it enters directly into the blood, and produces various diseases, the nature of which is materially modified, according as the vegetable or animal matter predominates in the poison. In the exhalations from marshes, bogs, and other uncultivated and undrained places, vegetable matter predominates; such exhalations containing a poison which produces, principally, intermittent fever or ague, and remittent fever' (784). The reader wonders where these ostensible experiments have been conducted and reported.]

"On the action of the recti muscles of the abdomen." LMG 23 (1838-39): 415-16. [ltr from Edward Lonsdale, demonstrator of anatomy at Middlesex Hospital; issue of 15 December 1838; filed with JS's reply.]

"On the Physiology of the Mechanical Action of the Heart." Lancet 1 (1838-39):515-19. [29 December 1838 issue; article by John Goodman, surgeon from Salford, read in Manchester. Snow uses this as a launch-pad for his letter to the ed. on "mechanism of respiration."]
Westminster Medical Society. LMG 23 (1838-39): 570-72, Lancet 1 (1838-39): 619-21. [discussion of diseases of the alimentary canal, among other topics.]

"Statistical Account of Cholera in the Seamen's Hospital, 1832." Lancet 1 (1838-39): 851-52. [paper by George Budd, delivered at the Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society meeting in late Feb.]
Westminster Medical Society. LMG 23 (1838-39): 920-22. [various topics at meeting of 2 Mar, including the exhibition of "a beautiful preparation of an aborted embryo." Discussion of malaria continued, including comments from Dr. Golding Bird who carburetted hydrogen gas and living vegetable secretions as causes of malaria (thought putrescent debris from animal and vegetable bodies caused malignant fevers).]

"Remedies in the form of Vapour." LMG 24 (1838-39): 49-51. [by D. J. Corrigan, including an apparatus for administration of iodine, chlorine, etc.]
Westminster Medical Society. Lancet 2 (1838-39): 199-200. [finances discussed at meeting of 13 April 39. Brief history of society, beginning 30 years before as a student society. Original membership fee was 1 guinea, with no yearly "subscription." From thence, resident (London area) members will pay 10 Shillings and 6 pence beginning their third year of membership.]

"Note on Respiration and Asphyxia." Lancet 2 (1838-39): 240. [4 May 1839 issue; "M.H." offers views on "excitors of inspiration," including "evolved carbonic acid." Concludes: "Asphyxia is, in a word, nearly allied to epilepsy." JS responded, but Lancet suppressed it and gave him a slap on the wrist–do something yourself rather than criticizing others.] 

"Experiments on Living Animals." LMG 24 (1838-39): 160-63, 212-15. [editorials, issues of 27 April and 4 May]

"Observations on Yellow Fever." LMG 24 (1838-39): 838-43. [sent by Mr. Ferguson from Sierra Leone.]
Henle "On Cuticle, Pus, and Mucus." LMG 24 (1838-39): 813-15, 859-61.

"Böhm on the Morbid Changes in Cholera." LMG 25 (1839-40): 333-36. [extracted from Henle's Retrospects of the Progress of Pathology.

"Vaccine Virus." LMG 25 (1839-40): 513-14. [vaccination and smallpox.]

"Vaccine Lymph." LMG 25 (1839-40): 915-16.

"On the Physiology of the Action of the Heart, and the ‘Mechanism of Respiration.'" Lancet 2 (1838-39): 332-37. [Goodman's rejoinder, in 25 May 1839 issue, the same in which appeared Wakley's comment that JS should stop criticizing others and produce something.]
Westminster Medical Society. LMG 27 (1840-41): 175. [notice that first meeting of the season was on Saturday 17 October 41, that they will meet every Saturday evening at the Exeter-Hall Rooms in the Strand, but that LMG will not report proceedings except "on extraordinary occasions".]
Bloodletting. LMG 27 (1840-41): 465-71. [One of Dr. Watson's lectures on the principles and practice of physic.]
Entozoa. LMG 27 (1840-41): 487. [presentation at 8 Dec 40 meeting of Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society by G. Gulliver.]
Farr on the "Present Epidemic of Small-pox." LMG 27 (1840-41): 570-73.
Review of Liebig, Organic Chemistry, in its applications to Agriculture and Physiology. Lyon Playfair, ed. 1840. LMG 27 (1840-41): 876-78.
Address of John Churchill–Princes Street, Soho. LMG 27 (1840-41): 896.

"Apothecaries v. Chemists." LMG 28 (1840-41): 504-07, 553-56. [editorials of 18 and 25 June 41]

"Contagion of Asiatic Cholera." Lancet 1 (1840-41): 227-28. [Ltr to ed, dated 23 Oct 40, by MCR from Glasgow: "I consider cholera Asiatica as decidedly contagious as typhus fever" (recall that JS had mentioned in a WMS meeting in March 38 that he considered typhus fever contagious.]

"Asiatic Cholera." Lancet 1 (1840-41): 500-01. [Gosse's reply to MCR]
Westminster Medical Society.  Lancet 1 (1840-41): 658. [Brief discussion of Asiatic Cholera, a case of which had appeared in Aldersgate. No mention of JS participating.]

"English Cholera." Lancet 1 (1841-42): 35-36. [Brief discussion at 27 Sept meeting of WMS; no mention of JS participating.]

"Medium of Contagion." Lancet 1 (1841-42): 111. [synopsis of piece in MCR from Oct, indicating three views of how the "contagious or infectious matters enter the body . . . either by the lungs, the stomach, or the skin." The first goes back to Lucretius, and updated by A. Cooper; the second was likewise ancient, and updated by Lind, Darwin, and Jackson. Third connected to Fracastor, "and has had but few advocates since his time." MCR is inclined to agree with Dr. Fletcher, Elements of Pathology, that the lungs are the most probable portal of entry; but the journal suggests readers consult Henle, who "determines that the miasmatic contagious diseases (corresponding with the purely contagious, and with those regarded by Dr. Fletcher as both contagious and infectious) depend for their existence and propagation on certain parasitical organized beings, or their germs, whose presence and development in the body are the exciting cause of the symptoms which constitute these diseases." Also suggest consulting the researches of Liebig.]

"Cholera Morbus." Lancet 1 (1841-42): 463. [part of Dr. Searle's lectures on diseases to which Europeans living in India are liable.

"On Artificial Climates, for the Restoration and Preservation of Health." LMG 29 (1841-42): 814-22 [by Julius Jeffreys, F. R. S.; no. 1 in 18 February 1842 issue, on atmospheric treatment of the lungs, there is a description and illustration of the inhaler that Snow adapted for an ether administration apparatus in early 1847. No. 2, LMG 29 (1841-42): 893-98, issue of 5 March. Jeffreys was also interested in capillary circulation, which appears to be the reason Snow knew about his inhaler; Snow also cites no. 3,  LMG 29 (1841-42): 968-74. Article continues in vol 30 (1841-42): 41-48, 149-53, 285-92 (on the respirator), 429-34 (touches on Davy's safety lamp), 683-89, 880-86, 948-54.]

"Contagion and Quarantine." LMG 30 (1841-42): 262-65.[Editorial of Friday 6 May 1842 begins with wonderment that in age of undisputed hospital medicine, that so many pathologists hesitate to accept "the doctrine of infectious agency . . . the notion that the secretions of the body, in certain disorders, throw off emanations which, received into the lungs, and impregnating the blood of another person, should produce in him a like disease" (263). Strange, since "the doctrine of a contagious and infectious quality is conceded to smallpox and to measles, by almost all pathologists. . . ." But "the doctrine of a contagious quality inherent in the morbid secretions of cholera, or yellow fever, of erysipelas, and of influenza, makes some of them perfectly frantic" (263). Proposes way of studying various intensities of the infectious properties on acute contagious diseases. Then proceeds to Turkish plague, which LMG considers contagious: "If ever a disease existed calculated a priori to throw off contagious emanations, this is it. It is a peracute form of fever of most malignant character, rapidly affecting the nervous and circulating systems, and curiously altering the coagulable and other qualities of the blood" (263-64) [shows influenze of Cullen, perhaps via Copland's Dictionary, and remindful of Protheroe Smith's essay]. Objections: "It is argued that the disease is obedient to the laws of epidemics–that it has its seasons, of culmination, and decline. This is undoubtedly true . . . but epidemic influences is not opposed to, or incompatible with, a contagious or infectious quality of the fluids. The two circumstances coexist, as they equally do in small-pox, measles, and scarlet fever" (264) [contingent contagion]. Also see possibility for infection, esp. after intervals, via fomites.]

"Sporadic and Epidemic Cholera." LMG 30 (1841-42): 114-20. [part of Dr. Watson's lectures on physic; issue of 15 April. Watson's discussion of sporadic (English) cholera is very Sydenham in nature, and he cites him, though not uncritically. Epidemic cholera is our baby–and he comes down as a contagionist, with contingencies–that there is a relatively weak poison produced in its victims that may be transmitted by touch, including the notion of carriers, but atmosphere diffuses it in the majority of cases. Predisposing influences are also discussed, with intemperance (esp use of distilled spirits) at top of his list, followed by poverty that involves scanty nourishment, overcrowding, and poor ventilation. Also reviews the symptoms and treatments. ]

"Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Physic." LMG 30 (1841-42): 193-201 [Dr. Watson, King's College: dysentery, diarrhea, intestinal concretions, worms]; 225-34 [intestinal worms, continued].

"On the Vital Processes and the Influence of the Atmosphere upon Animals." LMG 30 (1841-42): 201-??. [translation of article by Liebig; did not copy entire trans–sorry!]

"On detecting the presence of arsenic, particularly in reference to the employment of ‘Marsh's Test'."  LMG 30 (1841-42): 456-61.

[Treatment of cholera–check Lancet 2 (1841-42) for several letters and articles on treatment of Asiatic cholera.]

"Case of Spasmodic Cholera . . . its difference from ‘English Cholera.'" Lancet 2 (1841-42): 852-53.

"Medium of Contagion." Lancet 1 (1842-43): 111. [Abstract from Med Chir. Rev, from October, that mentions various notions of contagious diseases, with specific reference to Henle and Liebig.]

"The Medico-Chirurgical Society." LMG 29 (1841-42): 284-85. [Editorial in November, recommending the society as "excellent."]

"The Medico-Chirurgical Society." LMG 29 (1841-42): 355-58. [Editorial of 26 Nov, justifying why they singled out this society for recommendation.]
Royal Medical & Chirurgical Society. LMG 29 (1841-42 ): 525-28. [at 4 December 1841 meeting, paper by William Budd: diseases which affect corresponding part of the body in a symmetrical manner.]

"Case of Cholera." LMG 31 (1842-43): 369-70. [November 1842; description of symptoms and standard treatment (brandy with opium, etc.) and injections of warm water into rectum.]
Annual Report of the Registrar-General. LMG 31 (1842-43): 788-788-92. [Editorial of 24 Feb ‘43, with strong endorsement of Farr's work on the 4th annual report.]

"Observations on Cholera." LMG 31 (1842-43): 870-71.

"University of London. Abstract of Regulations for the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine." MT 7 (1842-43): 12.[issue of 1 October 42, so should be the regs JS would have to follow to take exams the following July]

"University of London. Forty-one candidates present themselves at this examination [B.M.]." MT 8 (1843): 319-20, 350-51.[JS not on honors list]

"Some Statistical Records of the Progress of the Asiatic Cholera over the Globe." M-CTrans 27 (1844): 405-31. [William J. Merriman, Physician to the Westminster General Dispensary; read 25 June 1844; structure of argument and reasoning similar to what JS will use later. After describing the "progress" of cholera between 1817 and 1831, Merriman summarizes: "The opinion of the members of the Central Board, and also of many other practitioners, was, that the cholera was propagated by infection or contagion, and was not epidemic" (411). Thinks this true in most cases; "nevertheless, it appears also incontrovertible, that the number of victims in each place depended very materially upon the local peculiarities of dirt and damp, want of ventilation, irregular and depraved habits of living, and possibly, of the weather" (411-12)–ie., there were determining environmental contingencies and predisposing social causes. Mentions that cholera frequently appeared at seaports, canals and rivers; "doubtless we have here all the requisites for the conveyance of contagion, but the dampness, the dirt and irregular living of the inhabitants must have assisted this contagion, if contagion it was, distinguished from a general aerial influence. . ." (412). Similarly in mining and manufacturing districts, where "want of ventilation, and irregular living, prevail, and must have exerted their influence" (412). Compares two extremes of mortality, "which can only be explained, I confidently expect, by the peculiarity of situation [environmental contingency], or by there being a difference in the character of the inhabitants [predisposing causes]" (414). After many tables, "infection" used synonymously with contagion (427), an environmental contingenc–"Point Frederick, near the dock-yard, the air of which was vitiated by the rotting ships" (428), different genera of cholera (mild and dangerous forms; 428), use of saline transfusions in hopeless cases (429), and "a ferruginous taste in the air" as indicative of cholera (429).

"A Moral and Physical thermometer; or, a scale of the progress of temperance and intemperance." LMG 35 (1844-45): 52.

"Chemists and Druggists." LMG 35 (1844-45): 128.

"Miss Martineau on Mesmerism, . . . ." LMG 35 (1844-45): 296-98.

"Dr. Hare on Liebig and his Chemistry." LMG 35 (1844-45): 880-84.

"Course of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine [bilious and malignant cholera]." MT 11 (1844-45): 13-14. [Dr. Williams]

"The Asiatic Cholera." Lancet 2 (1845): 251. [in issue of 30 August, a brief notice that "the cholera, in its most malignant form, has been raging in Lahore and the surrounding districts [India]. . . . Peshawar was almost deserted by its inhabitants, every one who had the means of removing having left that city, where the deaths between the 30th of March last and the 2nd of May, amounted in the number to 4,825."] [ie., the populace were contagionists; such a response is precisely what the BoH fears would happen if they gave an credit to cholera as contagious, perhaps even contingently]

"Filtering of Water."  Lancet 2 (1845): 550. [in Nov issue, description of the sand/gravel filtration system devised in Nottingham. Goes on to say that "self-cleaning filters" have been erected elsewhere that provides pure water for 50K inhabitants for cost of £800. "What a contrast do these inventions, by which water supplied to a whole town is purified by one operation, present, when compared with the existing system by which only the comparatively rich can afford to purchase a private filter."] [the journal was unaware of JS' suggestions for home-distilling water at minimal expense]

"The Scotch Epidemic Fever of 1843-4." LMG 37 (1846): 22-27, 151-56, 226-??, 505-513, 771-76 (missing some pages, as well as continuing numbers). [by John R. Wardell, Edinburgh. Strong hospital-clinical paradigm, incl Louis' numerical method, plus some lab paradigm. Explicitly distinguishes contemporary medical knowledge from "humoral theory," which he considers understandable when knowledge was based on comparative anatomy of lower animals rather than "founded on any real observation in itself" and before "other branches of philosophy in latter times" has explained many mysteries (508). With respect to "important epidemic visitations where great uniformity has been observed in the distinguishing symptoms of the disease, where after death the lesions were found of one description, together with sameness in the general phenomena presented, physicians have then been led to incline most to those doctrines promulgated by the schoolmen, which seemed to evince the closest resemblance to the facts under observation. If the brain and its membranes were found injected, and giving traces of inflammatory action, the views" of Clutterbuck, etc., have brought converts; if "much other visceral complications" then the "deductions of Stahl," etc. prevail; "and if the mucous membrane of the digestive canal were found much affected, the opinions of Rhan, Prost, Baillie, Louis and Broussais, especially the last mentioned, who has so zealously endeavoured to found this theory, have been esteemed. Many of the conclusions arrived at, however, . . . are exceedingly unphilosophical and based on tottering principles, their promoters having erred because they built up a new theory, and subsequently tried to supply the facts corroborative of certain views, instead of first studying attentively the operations of nature, and then endeavouring to account for the manifested phenomena on the pure principles of demonstration and science" (508). [I believe that some of Snow's critics took this stance–that he was selectively fitting facts to his theory–and therefore too much like the rationalist schoolmen.] Considers Sydenham the Bacon of medicine because both "saw the absolute necessity of casting off the trammels of the schools" (508). All this is part of Wardell's substantiation of his thesis that there are differences between "pure fever and inflammation" (509). Cites Cullen on first order of febres, Pyrexis, approvingly (509). "That fever is not inflammation, nor referable to mere local complication, as some have erroneously imagined, appears pretty evident from the following considerations," including (1) "we have the strongest reasons for believing that fever can be produced by miasmatous poisons, and the phlegmasiæ cannot" (509); as well as (7), "Fevers may be communicated by personal contact, or by means of the emanations of an infectious effluvia from the affected body" (510). At the same time, Wardell admits that "as we are ignorant of the exact causes of fever, so do their effects and phenomena appear a tissue of doubt and perplexity. . . . The great and grand discovery, then, to be made with the regard to febrile disease, is manifestly a more correct knowledge respecting those primary conditions which produce their correspondent effects, and not so much with regard to the effect themselves" (511).

"Table of Secondary Inflammations." LMG 37 (1846): 988-992. [Henry Lee, formerly house surgeon to St. George's Hospital. Only have part one, which contains no table but only a series of case descriptions of febrile disease following "a local surgical disease." Suggests how the bedside paradigm can survive in a hospital setting.]

"On Cholera, its Nature and Treatment." Lancet 1 (1846): 651-52. [letter from Mr. Charles Clark, Kensington. Considers quarantine ineffective, which disproves the contagiousness of cholera. "The simple fact seems to be, that the cause of cholera exists, like many other epidemics, in a peculiar–I may, perhaps, say poisonous–condition of the atmosphere . . ." even though we are ignorant of the exact cause (651). "Cholera, then, seems to me to be produced by a deleterious condition of the atmosphere . . . . This air having entered the blood through the medium of the lungs, a morbid impression is directly produced; the constitution as it were immediately takes the alarm, and a number of violent actions are set up by the vis medicatrix Naturæ to expel the dangerous intruder . . ." (652). Among the results are "local engorgements" [the internal congestion that JS refers to in Nov 48??]. In prescribing, doctors must avoid anything that might be "injurious to the brain, or to excite a fever of reaction" [here is parallel to JS in 1836 teetotal address]]

On the Health of Towns, as influenced by Defective Cleansing and Drainage. LMG 38 (1846): 169. [review of book by W. A. Guy. Part of the group who advocated using urban sewage for improving productivity of land. "There can be no doubt . . . that defective drainage is one of the most fertile sources of disease in all large towns." Suggests using water to carry off excreta]

"State of the Public Health in the Metropolis." LMG 38 (1846): 240. ["Some alarm has been created by the circulation of a report that the Asiatic cholera had made it appearance in London. . . . this rumour is unfounded. . . . [summer] cholera and diarrhœa are and have been for some weeks past very prevalent; but there are always one or more fatal diseases peculiar to every season, and the spring excess in deaths from hooping-cough and measles has now been exchanged for a summer excess in deaths from diarrhœa and cholera, the former principally among young children." Then shows table that the majority of deaths (between 6-10:1) are due to diarrhœa, not summer cholera. Note the Sydenham/humoral assumptions about seasonal affective diseases]

"Summer Diarrhœa, Cholera, and Typhus Fever." LMG 38 (1846): 227-42. [Clinical lecture by Thomas Laycock, M.D., physician to York Dispensary and lecturer in theory and practice of medicine at York Medical School: "The diseases predominant now are particularly characterised by functional disorders of the alimentary canal. They . . . belong to one family, and have a common origin" (227). "intestinal excitement"of diarrhea continues, "but typhoid symptoms appear, and you find that the case ultimately is typhus fever. (Para) Cholera morbus (the ‘plague in the guts,' of our forefathers,) is another and more active form of the diarrhœa I have described; but the irritation is fiercer and more widely extended." Cullen's influence continues: "the fever as seen in York. . . . The symptoms I allude to were consequent upon disorders of the cerebro-spinal axis, but principally indicated irritation or functional derangement somewhere about the base of the brain" (228). Then has extended discussion of proper meaning of "the doctrine of critical days"–when you are able to make a prognosis (229). Best treatment of typhus fever is "expectant"–follow patient's wishes, assist nature. "Counter-irritants in extreme cases may be applied to the nucha, or behind the ears. . . [diarrhea is nature's counter-irritant,] but when it is manifestly debilitating the patient you must put a check upon nature's movements: she may carry her irritation [of the bowels] too far" (231). Cause of diarrhea, summer cholera, and typhus is a "morbid poison" that on the "law of selection or affinity" attaches to the mucous membrane that produces a gas most akin to their own odor. (233). Disease specificity. Asiatic cholera is generically analogous to summer cholera, but a more virulent species from the tropics. Considers the exciting cause a miasm, but it can be rendered contagious (via infectious effluvia) in bodies of the ill (234). Malignancy diminished by repeated transmissions. Best "in practice to consider these fevers contagious or infectious, and that an inorganic miasm, especially that arising from decaying animal and vegetable excrementitious matter, may be changed into an organic, in passing through an individual whose condition is favourable to the metamorphosis" (234)–parallels Farr on one pathway for origin of zymotic diseases. All infections are conditional, based on health of receiving individual. Concludes with argument associating disease frequency with elevation of land in York (published this in State of Towns Report).]

"On the Nature and Principles of Treatment of Inflammation, and the Allied Disorders of the Circulation." LMG 38 (1846): 242-46. [extract from series of lectures by Dr. George Robinson, fellow of Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, lecturer at school adjoining St. George's, and now lecturer on forensic medicine at Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical School. Sees own work as contributing to "medical science." "Cullen's doctrine, of a spasm of the extreme vessels, which, as an occasional predisposing or exciting cause of inflammation, must, I think, be to a certain extent adopted . . ." (243).Mentions series of experiments on the kidney, and use of microscopy to study of inflammation there. Exp presented to Medico-Chirurgical Soc in Feb 1843, read by Marshall Hall.]

"Observations on Cholera." LMG 38 (1846): 328-31. [By J. G. French, Surgeon to St. James' Infirmary. Lived at 41 Great Marlborough Street. "The present state of knowledge on the subject of cholera may be said to be represented by the article in Dr. Copland's Dictionary [of Practical Medicine], recently published; . . . Dr. Copland states that paralysis of the lungs is essentially the disease, and proposes the name of Pestilential Asphyxy for it. If asphyxia is to be regarded as a state of suspended animation from a primary arrest of the respiratory process, the other functions being thereby abolished, it does not seem easy to understand how this state can exist in cholera, for the following reasons. In asphyxia, as I understand it, the action of the heart does not cease before the functions of the lungs and brain are abolished. In cholera, the functions of breathing and thinking, without circulation of the blood, are performed to an extent which the general principles of physiology would not permit us to believe . . ." (328). Then proceeds to argue that his experiences with cholera patients do not fit the interpretation that the lungs cease functioning before the heart. Cites Magendie, too. As to remedies, he recommends "the natural mode" (329) which means do what patients uniformly ask for–give them cold water, only, to drink.]

"Age a Predisposing Cause of Asiatic Cholera." LMG 38 (1846): 438. [cites Copland (Dictionary?) that advanced age is directly related to frequency of seizure and inversely proportional to likelihood of recovery–after 55, recovery was rare]
Editorial. LMG 38 (1846): 288-91. [attempt to dispel rumors that pestilential cholera as in 1832 has appeared in London. Thinks deaths due to diarrhea have been listed as cholera. But when one examines the reports, "there is no agreement respecting the name of the disease. In the account before us the deaths are entered as bing due to cholera, cholera morbus, bilious cholera, English cholera, cholera infantum, malignant cholera, spasmodic cholera, and Asiatic cholera! The three last we take to be synonymous, and as referring to that disease which has ben designated by Dr. Copland Pestilential Cholera. Of this we find four cases only recorded out of twenty-seven. . . " (289).]

"The Infectious Nature of Pestilential Cholera." LMG 38 (1846): 517-21. [Extract from part 10 of Copland's Dictionary of Practical Medicine. LMG editors convinced by Copland's evidence "in favour of the infectious propagation of pestilential cholera . . ." (517). Most of the reprint is Copland's dismissal of the anti-infectious argument. Conclusion: "The distemper was caused by infection . . . . It was not caused or propagated by immediate or mediate contact–by a consistent, manifest, or palpable virus or matter" (520). "This morbid effluvium or seminium of the distemper–this animal poison emanating from the infected–was often made manifest to the senses of smell and even of taste." Also transmissible by fomites, but only if inhaled. Has predisposing factors.]

"Composition of the Blood in the Condition of Health and of Disease." LMG 38 (1846): 566-69. [extract from trans of article by Becquerel and Rodier. Copied pages on continued fever and typhus. Defines simple continued fever as "a general febrile derangement . . . but without any local determination (ie., distinguishing local inflammation of Cullen; 567). No definition of typhus, only a record of serum analysis.]

"Introductory Discourse on the Mode of Investigating the Sciences Belonging to the Medical Profession." LMG 38 (1846): 603-13. By Sir B. Brodie, delivered in the Theatre of St. George's Hospital, 1 October 1846. Medicine is an important science in that it is closely connected to moral philosophy and founded on same methods as used in the physical sciences. Anatomy is the basic science of medicine since careful observation is basic to everything in medicine. But accurate observation, itself, is not a science. Observation that leads to comparisons and distinguishing, inference beyond what is seen to general rubrics and laws is a science–induction. Most commonly used method in medicine. Then has an example of reasoning about the "nature of the contagious principle" in smallpox (607). Since fever symptoms are relieved by eruption of pustules, has a humoral-like explanation that the pustules draw off the virus from the blood–on argument of counter-irritation. Disease specificity, and supports Sydenham's goal of finding specific therapeutic remedies for specific diseases; cinchona as example. With respect to discoveries of new laws in medicine, deduction and hypothesis formation is "principal method" (612) for discoveries; cites Newton's hypothesis about gravitation —> law.]

[?? Check article by Welch in Lancet 2 (1846): 426-28 on health of towns]

Animal Chemistry. LMG 38 (1846): 1018-1024. [review of Liebig's book, Pts 1 & 2, as edited by W. Gregory (London: 1846). This is an edition that has been revised by Liebig himself. The reviewer thinks his reputation overblown; original mind, but "merits as a discover were considerably overrated." Thinks the reliance on chemistry to explain all phenomena in medicine, even origins of life and vital processes, extreme.]

"Atmospheric Changes as Causes of Disease." LMG 38 (1846): 1043-48. [clinical lecture by T. Laycock at York Med School; influence of weather on health is complex because it involves local temperature, atmosphere, magnetism of earth, electricity of air. Thinks some morbid changes produced by shooting stars (asteroids). Cites Hippocrates: "In spring, he says, nervous diseases are frequent–diseases of the nervous system, together with thoracic and pulmonary affections; in summer, continued, intermittent, and remittent fever, and diarrhœa; in autumn, the fevers of summer, diarrhœa, dysentery; hepatic diseases, and their secuelæ; diseases of the nervous system: in winter, thoracic affections" (1044). High incidence of fatal diarrhea in past summer due to "the extreme heat, acting upon the organic remains in the ditches, sewers, and drains, has caused a greater evolution of malaria and miasma . . . and that the increased mortality is due to this increased chemical decomposition of the organic debris of our towns" (1044). Uses diagrams comparing diseases, mortality, seasons, and weather, taken from Farr's Weekly Returns. "How strikingly do these facts point to the true source of cholera–diarrhœa, and their sister-scourge, continued fever!" (1047). If summer rains cleanse the sewers of London, "teeming with an immigrant (as well as their own) population," then there is no outbreak. So, must flush the sewers in the summer if there are no cleansing rains.

"The Weather."  Lancet 1 (1846): 712. [abstract from report on public health in Paris in 1845: notes that "weight and temperature of the air" do not exercise appreciable influences on public health, but humidity and direction of the winds do.]

[?? Check Lancet 1 (1847): 5-8. [first public use of ether in London]
J. Simpson donated copy of his Notes on the Inhalation of Sulphuric Ether in the Practice of Midwifery to the Royal MedChirSoc. Transactions 30 (1846-47): 246.

"Transactions of learned societies. Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society." MT 15 (1846-47; 5 December 1846): 184-85. [Meeting of 11 November, the first of the new session. Minutes do not mention a demonstration by anyone from Boston about Morton's ether inhalation, as claimed by Merrington: "an assistant of [William] Morton came over to this country and on the 11th November [1846] demonstrated the anaesthetic properties of ether at a meeting of the Medico-Chirurgical Society in London"; William R. Merrington, University College Hospital and its Medical School: A History (London: Heinemann, 1976), 31.
Westminster Medical Society. Lancet 2 (1846): 586. [Mtg. of Saturday 14 November, paper by Mr. Marshall on sudden death: "In the examination of the body, sixteen hours after death, I was kindly assisted by my friend, Dr. Snow."

"Medical Intelligence. Animal Magnetism Superseded–Discovery of a New Hypnopoietic [productive of sleep]." LMG 38 (1846): 1085-86. [18 December issue; "a highly respectable physician of Boston" has informed the journal of Morton's process for using ether vapor to render dental patients insensible (or intoxicated). Extracted details of a case of molar extraction in "Martin's rooms." LMG urges caution, noting that ether is a strong narcotic that "must be regarded as producing a state of temporary poisoning in which the nervous system is powerfully affected" (1086).

"Miscellaneous correspondence. Operations without pain." MT 15 (1846-47; 26 December 1846): 251. ["We have been informed that two operations were performed by Mr. Liston at University College Hospital, on Saturday last, while the patients were under the stupefying influence of vapour of ether. . . . We hope to have further particulars on this very interesting subject."]

[?? For sanatory reform, check Lancet 1 1847 from MSU, esp pp. 26 and 518; Taubman volume incomplete]

[?? Medico-Chirurgical Review, Journal of Practical Medicine 50 (1846-47) has a review of various Health of Towns reports.]

"Performance of Surgical Operations during the State of Narcotism from Ether." LMG 39 (1847): 38-39. [1 January issue; journal asserts its claim to having given first public announcement in England of the ether procedure, then follow with account of Liston's operation at Univ College Hosp on 22 Dec (?) much like that in Lancet of 2 Jan.]

"Surgical Operations Performed during Insensibility." Lancet 1 (1847): 5-9. [2 January issue; Francis Boott's submission, containing (extracts) letters from Bigelow, sr., H. J. Bigelow, and R. Liston sent to Boot, plus his cover letter which states outcome of Robinson's dental operation on Miss Lonsdale on 19 December, and three or four unsuccessful cases perhaps due to "defect in the valve of the mouthpiece" (9).
Editorial– sulphuric ether. Lancet 1 (1847): 16-17. [2 January; cautious endorsement. Notes that the apparatus used by Liston was "contrived by Mr. Squires, of Oxford-street" (17).
Editorial–8 January. LMG 39 (1847): 68-69. [notes that use of ether in surgical operations "is now becoming almost universal." Mentions Fairbrother's operation in Bristol, and considers Herepath's apparatus (identical to those long used in experiments with nitrous oxide) best and simplest described to date. Long critique of the "absurd patent" claim.]

"Letter from Mr. J. Robinson." MT 15 (1846-47): 273-74. [dated 28 December 1846; mentions that he performed dental surgery that morning with Snow in attendance.]
Letters to the Editor – inhalation of ether. Lancet 1 (1847): 49-51. [9 January issue. Letters from Boot, "__ __, Q. C.," Clendon (including sketch of an apparatus by Clarke, and Collyer.]

"Operations without Pain." Lancet 1 (1847): 54. [9 January: "An operation was last week performed by Mr. J. G. Lansdown, at the Bristol General Hospital, the patient being previously placed under the influence of sulphuric ether vapour. In this case, the thigh was removed without any manifestation of pain on the part of the patient. The operation appears to have been as perfect and satisfactory a test of Dr. Morton's discovery as that performed by Mr. Liston. The inhalation of ether was performed by means of an apparatus constructed by Mr. Herapath. Wine was given at intervals during the operation, and it was stated, that insensibility may be increased or diminished by administering wine and the etherous vapour alternately."]

"Typhus Fever." LMG 39 (1847): 97-100. [15 January issue; part of serialized article on "Diseases of Children" by James Coley, M.D. Updating of humoral assumption that diseases can be pushed into new forms; this seems to be part of Cullen's thinking about epidemic diseases as a category of fevers. "The fever succeeding that form of cholera which is accompanied with alarming collapse, and followed by inflammation in the mucous membrane of the duodenum, is of the nature of typhus. . . . In the typhus following cholera or dysentery, the febrile excitement occurs three or four time in the course of twenty-four hours . . ." (97). "A morbific condition of the atmosphere has unquestionable influence in the production of cholera and typhus,by predisposing those exposed to cold or moisture, at particular seasons and in particular localities, to the invasion of fever of the typhoid character. . . . The impurity of the atmosphere contaminated by stagnant water containing vegetable matter in a state of decomposition, is said to be owing to the evolution of carburetted hydrogen. The constant inhalation of air containing an undue proportion of carbon in this elementary form, may have the effect of impeding the process of decarbonization in the pulmonary air-cells, . . ."  (99).

"On the Writings of Sydenham."  Lancet 1 (1847): 60-65; 375-78, 400-03; Lancet 2 (1847): 152-56; 673-77. [nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 by Gavin Milroy, M.D.–filed with chapter 3 notes]

"Pharmaceutical Society--13 January 1847." Lancet 1 (1847): 73. [16 January issue; paper by Mr. Squire describing his apparatus for administering ether. During discussion, Mr. Hooper described his apparatus, improved after suggestions by Dr. Boott and Mr. Robinson.]

"Mr. Hooper's Ether Inhaler."  Lancet 1 (1847): 77. [illus + description]
Editorial–operations without pain. Lancet 1 (1847): 74-75. [16 January issue; supports the application of ether in surgical operations, but cautious about use in midwifery and recognizes individual variations respecting insensibility; decries applications for a patent.]

"Operations without Pain." Lancet 1 (1847): 77-80. [16 January issue; case descriptions at King's College Hospital, using Hooper's apparatus, devised by Robinson, who superintended case one, perhaps the other six listed as well as those at Guy's, Westminster, and St. Thomas's. Letters from Lansdown and Fairbrother at Bristol; amputation of thigh (not in hospital?); operations on eye (using Hooper's apparatus) and teeth (using Squires' apparatus). James Dorr's counter to Q.C.'s opinion on patenting "The Letheon," which he represents.]

"Operation performed after Inhalation of the Vapour of Sulphuric Ether." LMG 39 (1847): 138-39. [22 January issue; William Lawrence, with inhalation administered by Mr. Hooper.]

"Mode of Employing Ether Vapour in Surgical Operations." LMG 39 (1847): 166-67. [22 January issue; Robinson describes the signs he looks for, and alternating method of breathing ether and air.]

"Apparatus for the Respiration of Ether Vapour." LMG 39 (1847): 167-68. [22 January issue; Tracy at Bart's describes apparatus (sponges in well, with inhaling tube) he's devised, and made by Ferguson.]

 "Surgical Operations with the Vapour of Ether at St. George's Hospital." LMG 39 (1847): 168. [22 January issue; two of three cases on 14 Jan were abject failures when patients could not be rendered insensible; was JS amongst the "large concourse of spectators"? If so, this would not be a hard act to follow.]

"Painless Operations at the London Hospital." LMG 39 (1847): 168. [22 January issue; successful case of amputation of leg on 14 January.]

"The Weather, and the more prevalent diseases of the summer of 1846." Lancet 1 (1847): 85-88. [23 January issue; by William McIntyre, M. D. In section on diarrhea and cholera: "Though these cases were of a sufficiently alarming aspect, and seemed to be verging upon the appalling and hopeless condition which marks the stage of collapse in the Asiatic disease, they can only, I think, be regarded as instances of the ordinary autumnal cholera of this country. . . . Our cholera of 1846, true to the description of Sydenham, was restricted to the months of July and August. The Asiatic disease observed no such limitation; on the contrary, after clearing its native East, it traversed the globe, uncontrolled by clime, season, weather, and every barrier which human foresight or ingenuity could interpose in its route; and this, perhaps, rather than any peculiarity of symptoms, constitutes its best claim to being considered a nova pestis. . . . (88).
Editorial–"sanatory reform." Lancet 1 (1847): 101. [23 January; connected to health of towns commission, with "the Asiatic cholera creeping . . . towards Europe" adding to the import of doing something soon.][?? Also check page 20]

"Operations without Pain." Lancet 1 (1847): 104-07. [at St. George's, Charing Cross, in Liverpool, Bart's (70 cases of extracting teeth by Lawrence, with apparatus supplied by Mr. Ferguson, "instrument-maker to the hospital" (108)), and East-Retford, where John C. Hall noted that he undertook an auto-experiment ("not having a patient to practice upon") as soon as he received Hooper's apparatus (107).
Review of London Medical Directory for 1847. Lancet 1 (1847): 119. [notes that this volume has an almanac for the year, of when/where medical societies meet, related events, and a chapter on medical etiquette.]

"The Cholera at Kurrachee, Scinde." Lancet 1 (1847): 132. [30 January issue. 86th reg camped to the leeward of K "on account of the cholera." Describes hot weather in spring of 1846; first case on 11 June. Then categorizes cases into four classes.]

"Operations without Pain." Lancet 1 (1847): 132-35. [30 January issue; at Bart's (Caesarian), the Middlesex (apparatus by Jacob Bell), the London, Kent Ophthalmic Institution (Hooper's apparatus).

"Reviews"–Report of French Commission on the Plague and Quarantine. Lancet 1 (1847): 150-52. [6 February issue; in continuation from a prior issue, the reviewer begins with statement that the word, epidemic, is unhelpful in scientific dialogue. "Literally, it is applicable to any disease prevailing amongst the many–the people. Most absurdly it has been used in contradistinction to contagion, whereas it by no means expresses the mode in which the disease is communicated, but simply the fact of its extensive prevalence. This meaning has been given to the word from the idea, that in an epidemic the very diffusion precludes the possibility of individual infection; that it supposes an agency resting on broader foundations–one involving the condition of the air which is breathed by, or the food and water supplied to, the sufferers" (151). Believes it likely that no form of "epidemic plague" is "independent of a special external influence" (151). Concludes that "true history" of epidemic diseases "is yet to be unfolded" (152); certainly, "the idea of a mere migrating atmospheric influence leaves two-thirds of the facts totally unexplained" (152).

"Medical Intelligence: Painless Operations on the Lower Animals." LMG 39 (1847): 260-61. [5 February issue; two operations at Royal Veterinary College, one on horse, other on a sheep, using ether vapor. Both successful, with animals showing no discomfort.]

"On the Inhalation of Ether." Lancet 1 (1847): 168-69. [13 February issue; James Robinson's description of his method and review of some cases.]

"Etherization." Lancet 1 (1847): 187-88. [13 February issue; anonymous correspondent uses a case involving amputation of the thigh to review various apparatuses and papers to date (including citation of Snow's note + table from LMG). Concludes that "it is probable that the variation of the symptoms observed in this case may in some degree depend upon the quality and quantity of the ether, rather than on the difference of constitution, or peculiarity of temperament . . . ." (187).

"Advance of the Asiatic Cholera."Westminster Medical Society. LMG 39 (1847): 306.

"Treatment of Facial Neuralgia by the Inhalation of Ether, and on a New Inhaler." LMG 39 (1847): 358-64. [26 February issue; Francis Sibson's article, one of early one studies of the medicinal use of ether vapor. Considered successful in facial neuralgia, not in sciatica. Apparatus (illus) includes adaptation of chamber and water bath from Snow's inhaler.]

"Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether." LMG 39 (1847): 364-66. [26 February issue; Fairbrother's case presentation, with preliminary review of literature. Concludes that "the insensibility of ether [proves] to be of a peculiar kind, and to vary considerably in different individuals in the nature and extent of its physiological effects: just as wine, spirits, tobacco, opium, &c. . . . . It is probable that the variations of the symptoms observed in this case may in some degree depend upon the quality and quantity of the ether, rather than on the difference of constitution or peculiarity of temperament . . ." 364). Then reviews explanations for variations by Squire, Hooper, Velpeau, and Snow (quotes from minutes of his WMS presentation and Table 1). May be syntax, but Fairbrother suggests that Snow took a cue from Velpeau on temperature of ether. On Snow's table, writes "this demands attention, but the temperature of the room may be easily ascertained, and regulated with a little care" (365).]

"The Effects of Ether." LMG 39 (1847): 366-68. [26 February issue; by Philpot Brookes, at Cheltenham. Series of case reports, all successful in his opinion except an amputation of arm in which "the ether was given with Dr Snow's apparatus" but the patient cried "lustily" throughout the operation. Notes that "the mouth-piece did not fit nicely to the mouth" of that patient.]
Review of James Robinson's Treatise on the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether. LMG 39 (1847): 379. [26 February issue; "will present no novelty to those who have read the weekly medical journals."
Editorial–New Charter for Royal College of Physicians. LMG 39 (1847): 416-18. [5 March issue; gives historical overview of the three classes of physicians in England and Wales, distinction between physician and doctor of medicine, whether physicians can legally practice as apothecaries (may, even though it violates College's etiquette), and recommendation for equal and consistent treatment of all physicians in England and Wales.]

MT 16 (6 March 1847): 43. [fatality after lithotomy, performed at the Suffolk and Colchester Hospital, blamed on ether. In a second fatality, an old gentleman operated on by Mr. Traverse, died within 24 hours of an operation from "the stupor caused by the ether" (43).
Editorial–is enthusiastic acceptance of ether justified? LMG 39 (1847): 460-63. [12 March issue; thinks administration orally may be equally effective and with less risk than through lungs. But is it always desirable that surgical patients be rendered unconscious? Thinks not. Individuals are so variable that it is impossible to determine the desirable dose in advance. Decries the medical profession's unwillingness to be forthright about the dangers, and the deaths that have occurred which cannot be explained away as unrelated to ether. Too often, surgeons turn operations into public spectacles, with newspaper reporters in attendance and prurient spectators when females are given ether.]
Review of James Copland's Dictionary of Practical Medicine, part 11. LMG 39 (1847): 469. [12 March issue; on Pestilence. Part 10 was largely occupied with cholera.]
Review of James Robinson, A Treatise on the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether, Lancet 1 (1847): 284-85. [13 March issue; "Mr. Robinson attributes the want of success in the first few instances to the incompleteness of the apparatus employed. Experience and ingenuity has enabled him to suggest the construction of an instrument which is now employed with almost universal success. Mr. Hooper, of Pall Mall, is the maker, and although Mr. Robinson is the inventor, we believe he refuses to derive any profit from its sale. The same honourable circumstance may also be mentioned as regards Dr. Snow's invention, one peculiarly adapted to country practice, being small, compact, and portable. It differs from Mr. Robinson's in being made of tin, and by immersing it in water heated to certain temperatures, the vapour may be increased, an advantage in cases where the patient has been a hard drinker. We believe that most of the other instruments which have been suggested and brought before the profession are only modifications of the two we have mentioned, and the only thing wanting to make them perfect appears to us to be a good mouth-piece; as yet, we have not seen one universally applicable" (284).]

"Medical Trials and Inquests–Alleged Fatal Effects of Ether in Surgical Operations." LMG 39 (1847): 563-67. [26 March issue; the case of Ann Parkinson, Mr. Robbs the administrator. Extracts of inquest, largely from the Times. Editorial response–Robbs was clearly not at fault, but still unclear if ether was at fault.]

"Inhalation of Ether in Obstetric Practice." Lancet 1 (1847): 321-23. [27 March issue; lecture by W. Tyler Smith.]

"On the Fatal Effects of Ether Vapour." LMG 39 (1847): 585-90. [2 April issue; Robbs' report on the Ann Parkinson case.]

"Etherization and Asphyxia." Lancet 1 (1847): 355. [3 April issue; from John Scott, of Shelton, including extracts from La Presse. Calls for experiments on administration of ether that compare proportions of ether to oxygen at various temperatures. No mention of JS.]

MT 16 (3 April 1847): 122. [Robinson notes that he now gives pur O2 after ether to assist the resuscitation of the patient without disability.]
Editorial–Health of Towns Bill. LMG 39 (1847): 634-39. [9 April issue; overall endorses Lord Morpeth's bill in HoC, although thinks statistical argument for a general increase in longevity is flawed by figures that do not take into account relative ages. Also suggests the expansion of bill's purview to include small towns and villages. Gives historical overview of run-up to the bill: Sanitary Commission report of 1843, which "proved that in the metropolis, and in all great towns, the mortality was excessively high, compared with that which prevailed in country districts, and that this excess of mortality was really due to the prevalence of diseases arising from causes which might be removed by sanitary legislation. Nifty quote from Southwood Smith on the "filth" hypothesis for prevalence of fevers. Also has some mapping–"if you trace down the fever districts on a map, and then compare that map with the map of the Commissioners of Sewers . . ." (635). Also approvingly quotes from report on correlation between accumulation of organic matter in crowded areas, increase in temperature, and "epidemics of diarrhœa, dysentery, and cholera" (636)–ie., the presence of  "nuisances . . . gives the disease [cholera] breath, life, and being" (636). Does endorse sanitary legislation as likely to reduce "the great foci of zymotic diseases" but not to expect such legislation to save as many lives or increase life-span the way some of its advocates suppose (638).]
Editorial–effects of ether vapor. Lancet 1 (1847): 392-93. [10 April issue; decries silence to date of London Hospital surgeons about all details regarding the administration of ether–seeks a "detailed analytical account of the results" by experienced medical men. Prints a copy of the circular sent out by T. Wakley, jun., to metropolitan and country hospitals.]

"Physiological Effects of the Effects of the Inhalation of Ether." LMG 39 (1847): 669-71, 715-17. [issues of 16 and 23 April; paper by Dr. Buchanan delivered at Philosophical Society of Glasgow.]
Notice of W. P. Brookes' Practical Remarks on the Inhalation of the Vapour of Sulphuric Ether, &c. LMG 39 (1847): 689. [16 April issue; another contribution to "‘ethereal' literature," but mainly a summary of author's experiences.]
On Ether-Vapour, its Medical and Surgical Uses." Lancet 1 (1847): 431-34. [24 April issue; includes printing of paper by C. J. Jackson on preparation of ether, an overview of "alleged fatal cases," and "inferences from my own experiments" about physiological action–quotes JS, "consciousness seems to be lost before sensibility to pain," but then cites contrary experiences.]

"Experiments on Professor Liebig's New Test for Prussic Acid." LMG 39 (1847): 765.

"On the Effects of Ether on the different Classes of Animals." LMG 39 (1847): 777-78. [30 April issue; paper by Dr. Gull read at South London Medical Society on 15 April.]

"Observations and Experiments on the Direct Action of Ether on the Blood." Lancet 1 (1847): 457-58. [1 May issue; by James H. Pring, M.D. No mention of JS]

"On the Application of the Inductive Philosophy to Medicine." LMG 39 (1847): 843-50. [Hunterian oration by George H. Barlow, Guy's]
Medical Intelligence–Health of Towns Bill. LMG 39 (1847): 875. [14 May issue; Lord Morpeth will postpone parts of bill dealing with metropolis at another session.]

"New Method of Etherization." LMG 39 (1847): 950-51. [28 May issue; Prof. Pirogof sent notice of experiments on living animals has resulted in a method for administering ether into the bowels. Translated from the French, in St. Petersburg Bulletin.]

"Administration of Ether by the Rectum." LMG 39 (1847): 957. [28 May issue; Dupuy in Gaz. Med., success in experiments on dogs and rabbits.]

"Employment of Ether Vapour Enemata in India." LMG 39 (1847): 1049-50. [11 June issue; notes that Pirogof's methods were already tried, successfully on dogs but unsuccessfully on humans, in India.]

"Selections from Journals–On the Employment of Ethereal Inhalation in Midwifery." LMG 39 (1847): 1052-54. [11 June issue; abstract of Siebold's paper delivered 8 May in Göttingen. Successful experiments on women.]

"Pathological Society of London–3 May 1847." Lancet 1 (1847): 673-74. [26 June issue; includes minutes of paper on cystine delivered by Garrod.]
Review of Transactions of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association. Lancet 2 (1847): 15. [3 July issue; this is the 15th vol., 3rd in new series. Published by Churchill.]

"Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society," MT 16 (10 July 1847): 399. [at an unspecified meeting in June or July, John Simon read a paper on subacute inflammation of the kidney. His by-line is assistant surgeon, King's College Hospital and Demonstrator of Anatomy, King's College Hospital Medical School.]

"Academy of Sciences. Influence of Ether on Respiration." Lancet 2 (1847): 49. [10 July issue; Ville and Blandin's experiments "on etherization," concluding that "the carbonic acid thrown off during respiration always augments in quantity in proportion as sensibility becomes enfeebled, and, on the contrary, diminishes as sensibility returns and is reëstablished." Then give a table with results. Editorial comment: "Although the ether agitation is still very rife in France, and the inhalation of ether is tried, and, as we would deem, very rashly, in all kinds of diseases, yet we have lately laid but few accounts respecting this topic before our readers . . . ."]

"Original Communications to The Lancet in Abstract. Treatment of Asiatic and English Cholera." Lancet 2 (1847): 75. [17 July issue; Mr. Griffin of Weymouth recommends calomel on grounds that "Asiatic and English cholera are characterized by an absence of the secretion of bile, the restoration of which it must be our first object to effect . . . ." Editorial reply: "The unfortunate use of the same word, ‘cholera,' to indicate two diseases essentially distinct in almost every particular, has led Mr. Griffin, as it has done many others, to confound them together as respects their pathology and treatment. The vomiting and purging in Asiatic cholera are not essential symptoms, as in the English disease, and the discharges are altogether different. The Asiatic or spasmodic cholera is allied to fever and the plague in its causes and their action on the system, while the English disease results from a disordered action of the liver, which produces exhaustion only by the excessive discharges it induces from the primæ viæ. The absence of bile in the evacuations, in the spasmodic disease, is characteristic of the complaint, but only as a sign that the secerning organs are unable to perform their duty. The same thing occurs in the yellow fever which is met with on the African coast . . . ."]

"Correspondence. Letter from Dr. Morton, of Boston, U.S." Lancet 2 (1847): 80-81. [17 July issue; after trying various apparatuses, he has returned to use of a sponge.]

"Experiments on the State of the Blood in Etherization." Lancet 2 (1847): 138. [31 July issue; on rabbits, and concludes that "ether has not any immediate ill effects upon the blood, and that its operation must be upon the nervous system."]

"Medical Intelligence. Alleged Rape Perpetrated on a Female While Under the Influence of Ether." LMG 40 (1847): 259. [6 August issue; extract from Paris journal, Gaz. Med.]

"Circumcision of Females in Western Africa." LMG 40 (1847): 374-78. [27 August issue.]

"Sulphuric Ether in the Treatment of Intermittent Fevers." LMG 40 (1847): 391. [27 August issue; in Gannat area, by Dr. Challeton.]

"The Letheon." Lancet 2 (1847): 241. [28 August issue; claim that discovery was by a Dr. Wells, dentist, in the U.S.]

"Medical Intelligence. Ether Vapour Applied by a Bladder and Sponge." LMG 40 (1847): 474. [10 September issue; M. Munaret's apparatus, including a wire mesh over face that holds the bladder.]

"Foreign Department. The Rice-water Evacuations of Cholera." Lancet 2 (1847): 284. [11 September issue; "chemical and microscopical examination" by Andral, presented to Academy of Sciences, shows that the "grumous, solid matter" is "derived from the intestinal mucous membrane."]

"Results of the Inhalation of Ether in One Hundred and Six Cases." LMG 40 (1847): 547-49. [24 September issue; by Wells, from Malta, a strong advocate of its use.]
Editorial–Asiatic cholera coming, but anti-sanitary views predominate." LMG 40 (1847): 592. [1 October issue; reports cholera has reached Poland, and moving northwesterly direction. "With greatly augmented mortality from zymotic diseases, and the unchecked continuance of causes which promote this mortality, it is obvious that the metropolis is but ill prepared to resist the invasion of this formidable malady. . . . Anti-sanitary views are at present triumphant. . . . The Government may appoint Boards of Health, but so long as crowded streets are undrained, unsewered, and unventilated, their efforts to avert the attacks of cholera will be futile. All this was as well known in 1831 as it us at present; yet sixteen years have been suffered to elapse, and the only practical step actually taken, has been the appointment of a committee, within the last few weeks, to inquire into the special means requisite for the sanitary improvement of the metropolis! . . ."]
Editorial–treatment of Asiatic cholera." LMG 40 (1847): 677-81. [15 October; "We do not know any subject better adapted for discussion at the medical societies, which are now about to meet in the metropolis, than the present state of our knowledge respecting the treatment of Asiatic Cholera. . . . Did we, or did we not, gain any kind of knowledge by the loss in these islands of 42,000 lives [in 1831-32] . . . ?" Then recommends Copland's Dictionary, part 10, "Pestilence Choleric," for its survey of the treatments that have been described, concluding "that we are entirely at a loss for any certain principle of treatment" since "many of the so-called remedies . . . have left the essence of the disease untouched." Agree with Copland's criticism of the overuse of calomel, a favorite of Indian practitioners, who believe "that the chief source of mischief was the absence of bile; whereas this is probably only a symptom incidental to the general cause of disturbance" (677). The (ingested) saline treatment of Dr. Stevens has usually been a failure, probably because the victim is too weak to absorb the solution when administered–which has led to the injected saline treatment, normally considered effective in the short run but did not halt the diarrhea or touch the essence of the disease. Call for a Professional Congress to scrutinize all prior and new methods of treatment, and then give a full accounting. "We believe it will be found [if such a congress met] that as yet medicine has not only done nothing for the treatment of Asiatic cholera, but that some plans pursued in 1831-2 are so injurious that the patient would have a better chance of escape if left to himself*. (footnote *: The homœopathists have boasted of their success in treating cholera; the secret of this is that they did not interfere so much as regular practitioners, and gave full play to the vis medicatrix naturæ!)" (679). Offers statistics of numbers of cholera cases to deaths that suggest "the metropolis, with its numerous charitable institutions, and with the advantages of the best professional skill, was the seat of an amount of mortality only a little inferior to that of other localities, where the disease appears to have run its course unchecked" (680).
Editorial–Sanitary Legislation. LMG 40 (1847): 761-64.  [29 October; cheered that "the prospect of a visitation from the cholera" is strengthening the position of the "Health of Towns' party" in Parliament, and that the "Filth of Towns' party" is unable to block all sanitary legislation (761). Singles out Dr. Hector Gavin's pamphlet on "Unhealthiness of London, and the Necessity of Remedial Measures" and prints extensive extracts from it. Emphasis on higher mortality in towns than country, and thinks deaths in towns are under-reported. Suggests a "rough plan of the metropolitan districts, shaded according to the intensity of the mortality" (763), and also feature Gavin's "graphic description of this disease-mist" that hangs over London (762). Journal clearly aligned with Health of Towns party, and pushing for sanitary legislation as an antidote to cholera mortality.]
Editorial–Sanitary condition of English towns. LMG 40 (1847): 808-11. [5 November; riffs on the recent publication of the Quarterly Return of the Registrar-General on this subject. Cites statistics, which for London shows no improvement in health. Then quotes from the Report (Farr): "All the diseases of the zymotic class–such as small-pox, measles, scarlatina, typhus, influenza, and cholera–have the remarkable property of becoming epidemic. After certain intervals of time, in which they are fatal to a smaller or greater number of persons in different places and seasons, great multitudes are suddenly attached and destroyed in a given locality; the disease in this intense form involves the neighbouring population, spreads around the whole region, and sometimes travels over the tracks of human intercourse through the world. Little is known of the immediate chemical or vital causes of epidemics; but in given circumstances, where many are immersed in an atmosphere of decaying organic matter, some zymotic disease is invariably produced; where there is starvation, it is most frequently typhus; cold, influenza; heat, it is cholera, yellow fever, plague. . . . A city breathing an atmosphere perfectly pure may not be exempt from every epidemic; but observation has shown that such irruptions are infrequent, and fatal to few persons of strength or stamina. Internal sanatory arrangements, and not quarantine or sanatory lines, are the safeguards of nations. A salubrious city in an epidemic . . . is exposed to danger and injury, but not to the same extent as the present cities of Europe . . ." (810).]

"Description of a New Pessary." Lancet 2 (1847): 492-93. [6 November issue; by Joseph Schofield, surgeon.]

"British Medical Journals. On the Mode and Effects of the Inhalation of Ether." Lancet 2 (1847): 498. [6 November issue; extracted from LMG's letter from Wells in Malta, including passage where Wells notes that "several cases have convince me that, contrary to the statements of Dr. Snow and others, in many persons a state of insensibility to pain precedes the loss of consciousness,–that the faculty of perception remains after that of tactile sensibility is lost." Also considers the Hooper-Robinson apparatus "particularly defective." While "Dr. Snow seems to have combined all the advantages an apparatus can afford, but still, I think, as a simple, portable, and effective means of rapidly inducing insensibility, the sponge must be preferred by the practical surgeon."]
Editorial. Ineluctable Progress of the Cholera. Lancet 2 (1847): 500-01. [6 November issue; "From the preceding account [of cholera's appearance in various places], based on official documents, the approach of the cholera to this country is rendered morally certain; it follows pretty much the same route as heretofore, it is seen to be unstayed by climate; penetrating, as it does, towards northern Russia; to vary in intensity, and even in character, at different places; to pass over tracts of country; and not to follow, except a general north-westward course, any direction favoured by the physical features of the country, or the direction of the winds" (501). Yet, "we sit still with shut eyes and folded hands."]
Editorial--Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. MT 17 (1847-48): 85-86. [13 Nov ‘47, noting its strengths and weaknesses–among the latter, complaints of exclusion of delivered papers from the Trans.]
Review of The Philanthropist: a Sanatory, Miscellaneous, and Popular Monthly Journal: LMG 40 (1847): 899. [19 November issue.]
Review of Journal of Public Health: or, Monthly Record of Sanitary Improvement. LMG 40 (1847): 899. [19 November issue.]

"Medical Intelligence. Discovery of a Substitute for Ether Vapour by Professor Simpson." LMG 40 (1847): 906. [19 November issue; simply announces "the discovery . . . of a new anæsthetic agent, which is in many respects preferable to the use of ether vapour in surgical operations. . . . Chloroform, or Perchloride of Formyte."]

"Physiological Erfects [sic] of the Inhalation of Ether." LMG 40 (1847): 929-33. [26 November issue; article by Andrew Buchanan, M.D., of Glascow. "The narcotic effects produced by ether . . . do not always follow upon inhalation. The operation, as it is at present practised, must be admitted to be uncertain and not devoid of danger. . . . The source of this uncertainty and danger is the difficulty of determining the exact quantity of ethereal vapour which is inhaled, and the proportion of air which is mingled with it" (929). Then proceeds to discuss a new inhaler he's constructed; don't find mention of JS.]

"On a New Anæsthetic Agent, More Efficient than Sulphuric Ether." Lancet 2 (1847): 549-50. [20 November issue; different in several respects from the one published the following week by LMG.]

"Discovery of a New Anæsthetic Agent, more efficient than sulphuric ether." LMG 40 (1847): 934-37. [26 November issue; by J. Y. Simpson, who begins: "At the first winter meeting of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, held on the 10th November last, i had an opportunity of directing the attention of the members to a new agent, which I had been using for some time previously, for the purpose of producing insensibility to pain in surgical and obstetric practice" (934). Advantages over ether–less needed to produce effect; more rapid and complete action; more agreeable to inhale; less expensive; odor is not unpleasant; more portable; no special inhaler required. Then describes its use in surgical operations (4 cases) and obstetric practice (3 cases). Outlines the conditions for successful etherization in surgery, and notes that chloroform is advantageous in each. Recommends administration by handkerchief.]
Editorial–Chloroform.  LMG 40 (1847): 938-39. [26 November; begins with the current disinterest of readers in ether administration, "while the machines, with the most complex arrangement of valves, tubes, &c., have by degrees given place to the use of an ordinary sponge. Sic transit gloria" (938). Then refers to letter from Simpson in this issue, and notes that the same letter has already been published elsewhere and chloroform already tried in London (by Liston, among others). Reminds readers that "Chloric Ether" has "for some time" been used as a local application in London. In footnote, cites Liebig on how to prepare the liquid. Cautions about becoming overly enthusiastic again.]

"Hospital Reports. St. Bartholomew's Hospital." Lancet 2 (1847): 571. [27 November issue; notes first use of chloroform on 20 November.]

"On the Use of Chloroform in Midwifery Practice." Lancet 2 (1847): 571-74. [27 November issue; article by Protheroe Smith, includes illus of an apparatus.]
Editorial. Sanitary Reform and the Medical Profession. Lancet 2 (1847): 578-79. [27 November; "With cholera advancing . . . all the medical advocates of sanitary reform should exert themselves with zeal to cement the union between sanitary measures and the profession of medicine, so that the latter may receive an accession of strength and influence from the enactment of sanitary laws" (578). Also prints copy of circular sent by Metropolitan Sanitary Commission to Poor Law Union medical officers, asking "what provisions are made in your district for the prompt removal of filth and refuse, and the due supply of water, and the condition as to cleanliness of the interior of the houses in which you have found sickness to be most prevalent" (579).]

"Physiological Properties of Chloroform." LMG 40 (1847): 978-79. [3 December issue; by R. M. Glover, Newcastle Med School. Acknowledges Simpson's preeminence in proposing chloroform as substitute for ether, but points out that he had published his findings in 1842 on the agent's physiological properties after a series of experiments on animals (introduced into carotid, jugular, stomach, and peritoneum). Found extensive congestion of lungs in a number of cases, so he cautions against assuming it is safe when inhaled by humans (unless alcohol consumption has protective properties).]
Editorial–Influenza. LMG 40 (1847): 980-81. [3 December; influenza now in London. "We have thus evidence of a similar epidemic disorder attacking almost simultaneously three cities forming a triangle of the map of Europe [Copenhagen, Marseilles, London] . . . . To add to the difficulty of accounting for the origin of these epidemics by medical theories, we may mention a curious fact that may throw some light upon the diffusion of cholera, by shewing that an epidemic and a quasi-contagious character may be observed in one and the same disease" (980-81). Gives example of a steamer that regularly moves between Marseilles and Alexandria. Crew became ill with influenza on board–although unclear if they spread to inhabitants of Alexandria.]
Editorial–Asiatic Cholera Propagated by Human Intercourse." LMG 40 (1847): 981-83. [3 December; editorial follows one on influenza. "Much has been said and written respecting the mode in which this singular disease [cholera] is diffused. That the poison of cholera is spread in some way or other cannot admit of dispute. One class of observers content themselves by saying that cholera is not infectious, adducing cases apparently irreconcileable with this hypothesis. Admitting the validity of these objections, it still remains to be proved that the cholera is a pure epidemic. . . . Let any one examine the recent progress of the cholera northward and westward through the Russian empire, and say whether it is in the nature of an epidemic to creep slowly from place to place, to follow the banks of great rivers, to prevail on one bank and not on the other, to spread along one side of a street in a populous city and not on the other, to set at defiance in its progressive diffusion, the influence of winds, temperature, seasons, and all those atmospheric changes included under the head of climate.* (footnote *: in part of its progress in Russia, "the cholera advanced constantly against the wind. It chiefly manifested itself in villages immediately after the arrival of travellers labouring under it.") Thus, "the laws of its propagation are quite inexplicable upon the common doctrine of epidemic diseases. Its diffusion through the atmosphere is all but disproved, since . . . we should have it radiating equally around from a focus of great intensity, or obeying the course of prevalent winds. But such a mode of diffusion has not been observed . . ." (982). "It has been often remarked that a town or village situated between two others infected with cholera, has escaped. This has been adduced as a triumphant instance of its non-propagation by human intercourse, or of the total absence of infection. The argument is ingenious, but unsound, because it proves too much: it just goes to show that the cholera cannot be communicated or diffused in any conceivable manner! If the disease were really epidemic, and the atmosphere had any influence in its diffusion, it would be utterly impossible that the intermediate town or village should escape the aeiral poison . . ." (982). "there is another hypothesis which has found a few advocates, i.e. that cholera does not travel, but that by a sort of coincidence, and a species of epigenesis, the seeds of the disease arise spontaneously in one town or village so soon as it has ceased to appear in another adjacent to it. . . . [That] it is not of Indian but of local origin. We think, however, the geographical progression of this malady must be taken as fatal to this view. Our own belief . . . [since 1831-32] is, that it is not a pure epidemic, nor a universally infectious malady; but that it can by decidedly propagated by human intercourse" (982-83). Quarantine laws are pointless, however.]
Review of Carlo Matteucci (Pisa), Lectures on the Physical Phenomena of Living Beings. LMG 40 (1847): 985ff. [3 December issue; some of these lectures have appeared in London medical journals. Reviewer notes to contents of twenty chapters, including "Molecular Attraction," "the production of heat, light, and electricity in animals, the physiological action of Gravity, Light, Caloric, and Electricity," and Animal Mechanics.]

"Correspondence. Chloroformization in Dentistry." LMG 40 (1847): 993. [3 December issue; by C. Stokes, a surgeon in London.]

"Correspondence. Method of Preparing Chloroform." LMG 40 (1847): 993. [3 December issue; by S. Thomson, Edinburgh.]

"Medical Society of London–6 December 1847. History of Chloroform, and its use as an Anæsthetic Agent." LMG 40 (1847): 1079-80. Lancet 2 (1847): 631.[11 December issue; paper read by Dr. Cogswell.]
Editorial. Death of Robert Liston, Esq., F.R.S. Lancet 2 (1847): 633-34. [11 December issue; fulsome praise–cf. to later notice of Snow's death.]

"Medical News. Asiatic Cholera." Lancet 2 (1847): 637. [11 December issue; abstract of first report of the Sanitary Commissioners, which recommends replacement of Metropolitan Commissions of Sewers with one sanitary commission for entire London, except the city corporation.]

"Administration of Chloroform in Cases of Difficult Parturition; delivery completed without pain." Lancet 2 (1847): 653-54. [18 December issue; case descriptions by Edward Murphy, UCL.]
Westminster Medical Society–4 December 1847. Lancet 2 (1847): 655-57. [18 December issue; Lankester comments on current epidemic of influenza, followed by a paper by Ogier Ward on "Treatment of Asiatic Cholera in the Stage of Collapse." Snow is not recorded as commenting on either.]
Editorial. Ether Vapour of Proven Benefit in Surgical Operations. Lancet 2 (1847): 660. [18 December; does not take a stand on relative merits of ether and chloroform, however.]

"Medical News. Government Precautions against the Cholera." Lancet 2 (1847): 664. [18 December issue; "In the House of Commons, on Friday last, in answer to an hon. member, Lord Morpeth said, that the Act which had been passed in 1832, for the purpose of preventing the spread of cholera, was still in force, and on the first alarm which should arise of the existence of cholera among us, would be put in operation by means of proclamations directing the formation of boards of health. It was at present under consideration whether the form of proclamation which had been used on the former occasion should be modified or not."]

"Correspondence. Asphyxia and Convulsions under the Influence of Chloroform." LMG 40 (1847): 1117-18. [24 December issue; by J. Beales, Suffolk. Not all unsuccessful, however.]

"Medical Intelligence. Experiments on the Action of Chloroform Vapour." LMG 40 (1847): 1123. [24 December issue; results of M. Gruby's experiments on dogs and rabbits, comparing effects produced by ether and chloroform.]

"Observations on Dr. Simpson's Anæsthetic Statistics." Lancet 2 (1847): 677-78. [25 December issue; by Robert Barnes, lecturer on midwifery (at a London school). Of the natural-pain school, Barnes concludes: "The question is not to be decided by the warm persuasions of ‘zealous missionaries' of the female sex; by wanton abuse of medical practitioners; by inconclusive arguments reared on a few imperfect and doubtful facts, and those facts wrested from their legitimate applications; by false analogy, bad arithmetic, and statistics run wild; however conclusive they may be to the judgment, and agreeable to the taste, of the Edinburgh professor of midwifery" (678).]
Review of Researches into the Pathology and Treatment of the Asiatic or Algide Cholera. Lancet 2 (1847): 678-80. [25 December issue; part 1 of a review of E. A. Parkes' book.]
Editorial--"Cholera and Quarantine." MT 17 (1847-48): 198-99. [25 December 1847; notes that "cholera is a singular disease." While MT acknowledges that "Dr. Copland and some others are firm believers in the doctrine of contagion . . . the majority of writers, by far, both Indian and European, are opposed to the doctrine of infection or contagion" [strict contagionists] (198). On the contrary, "the majority of medical men attribute the production and propagation of this terrible disease to certain conditions of the atmosphere acting upon individuals previously disposed to disease by some peculiar state of the constitution" [rather more Sydenhamian than usually found; no hint of environmental contingency or predisposing social cause]. Quotes Milroy with approval, as well as a surgeon, Mr. Campbell: "That this disease is not infectious, but is caused by the direct application to the surface of a peculiar miasma, existing in particular strata of the atmosphere, has been fully proved by the history of its progress, as well as by the phenomena attending it" (199). Consequently, quarantine does little good. Advocates sanitary reforms.]
Review of E. A. Parkes, Researches into the Pathology and Treatment of the Asiatic or Algide Cholera. Lancet 1 (1848): 11-14. [issue of 1 Jan, a conclusion of review begun in (1847) 2: 680. Comprehensive; may be an orientation to range of views before the second epidemic began]

"British Medical Journals." Lancet 1 (1848): 47. [8 January issue; relief of spasmodic asthma by chloroform, from the LMG.]

"Case of Delirium Tremens Treated with Chloroform." Lancet 1 (1848): 70. [15 January issue; by Warwick from Notts.]
Editorial on need for purer water for London. Lancet 1 (1848): 103-05. [issue of 22 January; lays out where each water company draws its water and the number of houses it serves, and where, each day. Applauds Lambeth Water Works decision to move its source to Ditton, and urges Parliament to require other companies to do likewise; pre-1852 act]
Bristol General Hospital. Application of Chloroform in Typhus Fever. Lancet 1 (1848): 119. [29 January issue]

"Practical remarks on the employment of chloroform in surgical operations." LMG 41 (1848): 211-13. [ltr from Robinson, dated 2 Feb, in which he mentions that to date he's employed it in 1800 cases. The letter is an argument in favor of admin via apparatus and with trustworthy preparations of chloroform]

"Fatal Application of Chloroform." Lancet 1 (1848): 161-62. [5 February issue; Hannah Greener's death in Winlaton, five miles from Newcastle. Editorial exonerating the surgeon on 158]

"Remarks on the Alleged Case of Death from the Action of Chloroform." Lancet 1 (1848): 175-76. [12 February issue; J. Y. Simpson writes, "The unfortunate patient certainly died when under the influence of chloroform, not, however, as I believe, from its effects, but from the effects of the means used to revive her" (175). . . . Besides, the dose of chloroform exhibited by Mr. Meggison was so small as to render it exceedingly improbable that it could have been the essential cause of the death of the patient. {New para} . . . while it appears highly improbable that the fatal result in Mr. Meggison's patient could be the consequence of the use of chloroform, and entirely due to it, the conditions in which the patient was placed were such as would almost inevitably have produced death by asphyxia" (176).]

"The Sanitary Movement.–Proposition for Reports of Fever Cases from Rural Districts." Lancet 1 (1848): 190-91. Issue of 12 February. Let to ed from a rural practitioner in Goucestershire.
Westminster Medical Society–no date given. Lancet 1 (1848): 213-14. [issue of 19 February; Dr. Webster characterized the current epidemic of influenza, noting, "The general type of complaint was asthenic, as exhaustion, debility, and depression of the system, were the marked features of this malady throughout all its stages" (213). N. B. the Cullen/Brunonian language still in use. Also Sydenham's epidemic constitution.]]
Editorial, applauding Lord Morpeth for introducing a sanitary reform bill. Lancet 1 (1848): 216. [19 February; missing several important elements, including "the graveyard nuisance prevention," but a step in needed direction. Then reminds readers of journal's position that "public health is a department of the profession of medicine, and that State Medicine can never be efficiently administered unless a large share of its control be placed in the hands of responsible medical men. . . .  And shall we hand over the sanitary control of the sewers, and the water courses, to those who have brought tem into their present infamous condition?"]
Reviews of five books on the Sanitary Question. Lancet 1 (1848): 261-63. [4 March]
Westminster Medical Society–18 March 1848. Lancet 1 (1848): 341-43; LMG 41 (1848): 559-62. [ Dr. Ogier Ward reading paper, "Contagion of Cholera."; he considers the recent report of the Sanitary Commission, in which Southwood Smith & Mr. Owen declared "that the cholera was not contagious, even ‘contingently' . . . though when the subject had been discussed before the Westminster Medical Society in 1831, the arguments of the contagionists were so powerful as to compel their opponents to admit that cholera was contagious ‘contingently,' if not absolutely" 559-60). Ogier Ward accuses the commissioners of stacking the case for anticontagionism by virtue of the witnesses they chose and the questioning. Then he goes through all the arguments for contagion (by persons, fomites, and infectious via "contagious miasmata . . . thrown off from the body of the diseased person by the secretions and the exhalations of the lungs, skin, &c" (561)), plus its contingency–"all miasmata are volatile, and are suspended in the atmosphere, and follow its movements. In damp, foggy weather . . ." (561). A Mr. Hancock counters with own experiences (sitting in a cholera hospital overnight and dissecting bodies of cholera victims) showing that it's non-contagious; Lankester rejoinder is that just one certain instance of contagion should settle the dispute; others contribute, but no mention of JS]
Westminster Medical Society–25 March, 1 and 8 April. Lancet 1 (1848): 451-52. [continuation of discussion of contagion, and no indication that Snow was present or participated.]

"Asiatic cholera in the Metropolis." MT 18 (1848): 25. [ed from 13 May, noting two confirmed cases in London]
Review of Charles Cowdell, A Disquisition on Pestilential Cholera; being an Attempt to explain it Phenomena, Nature, Cause, Prevention, and Treatment, by Reference to an Extrinsic Fungous Origin. Lancet 1 (1848): 666-67. [issue of 17 June]
Review of Boehm's book on Microscopial examination of stomach and bowels in cholera patients. MT 18 (1848): 120-21. [issue of 24 June; a review of the German edition.]

"The cholera of 1831-32. Its diffusion by contagion." LMG 41 (1848): 435-37. [verbatim extract from earlier lecture by Dr. Watson]

"The Chemistry of Pathology and Therapeutics." Lancet 1 (1848): 407-09. [3rd lecture in a series offered by A. B. Garrod; sample]
Review of T. H. Starr, A Discourse on the Asiatic Cholera. Lancet 2 (1848): 69-71. [issue of 15 July; Reviewer chastises author for making animalculæ cause of fungi, similar to argument recently employed by Dr. Cowdell for fungi. Then quotes Liebig's Animal Chemistry at length to show that fungi and infusoria are organic beings, and that the  fermentation and putrefaction that follow their death (elimination of "the vital force, which has determined the direction of attraction") is similar to decay in all animal and vegetable organisms after death. Hence, fungi and infusoria cannot be causes of a process that they are subject to. Although these organisms accompany putrefactive process of other organisms, they are not its cause; instead, as sources of pure oxygen, they are "the true enemies and destroyers of all contagions and miasms."]

"Suggestions for the Treatment of Cholera by Anæsthetic Agents." Lancet 2 (1848): 82-83. [15 July issue; anon. reference to discovery of sulphate of carbon as an alternative to chloroform; recs for treatment of cholera since sul of car is an antispasmodic]

"Remarks of a Case of Spasmodic English Cholera." Lancet 2 (1848): 125. [29 July issue; among other treatments, rec. the use of ether as a "stimulant."

"Death from Chloroform–Important Investigation." MT 18 (1848): 161. [inquest in death of a patient admin chloroform by Mr. Robinson, the surgeon-dentist on Gower Street from whom JS first heard about ether admin; see MT 15 (1847): 273-74 [?? order from ILL].

"Indications of the Approach of Cholera." MT 18 (1848): 227. [miasmatic and sanitarian editorial of 5 August; predisposing social causes accepted; seems to be humoral in thinking that intemperate diet could push simple "gastric disturbance" into a "severe attack of cholera."]

"Cholera.–Preventive Qualities of Carbonic Acid Gas and Charcoal." Lancet 2 (1848): 165. [5 August issue; rec that water companies filter drinking water through a bed of charcoal "to counteract any predisposition to this scourge."]

"Ether and chloroform versus mesmerism in surgical operations." MT 18 (1848): 227-28. [ltr to ed]

"Asiatic cholera successfully treated by chloroform given internally." MT 18 (1848): 237-38. [case presentation by Brady, a surgeon from Harrow; issue of 12 August]]

"Chloroform in Cholera." MT 18 (1848): 271. [case presentation by Mr. Stedman, from Isle of Ely; issue of 26 August]

"On the treatment of spasmodic cholera by chloroform." MT 18 (1848): 320-21. [another case by Brady; issue of 16 Sept]
Editorial. Lancet 2 (1848): 383. [30 Sept; condemns a BoH of three members, none of whom are members of the medical profession]
Editorial on parallels between 1831-32 and 1848. LMG 42 (1848): 582-85. [6 October; shows its contagionist stance with a signature word (progress) in opening sentence: "One of the most remarkable facts connected with the Asiatic Cholera is, that, in its present progress throughout Europe, it should follow so nearly the course which it took in 1830-31." A few paragraphs later: "It is worthy of remark that in 1830-1, as in 1847-8, the cholera has manifested itself chiefly in the great lines of intercourse along frequented roads, and the banks of navigable rivers, attacking chiefly towns and cities where the population was most dense, producing the largest amount of mortality in its first onset, then slowly diminishing in severity, and finally disappearing to reappear in a neighbouring locality" (583). [N.B. that anti-contagionists could interpret this remark as supporting their position, and that the first onset argument is not the usual evidence cited by contagionists] "This comparatively slow progress, together with its advance in the face of prevailing winds, is very unlike the usual mode of diffusion of a purely epidemic disease" (583)–[now back to a typical line of contagionist reasoning]. Suggests origin of the premonitory diarrhea hypothesis–observations by Russian practitioners. "All kinds of treatment have failed to diminish the number of deaths; and the recoveries in this stage [the second, in which "art is powerless"] are probably more to be ascribed to the innate energies of the constitution–to the vis vitæ in combating the poison–than to any of the supposed remedial measures adopted" (585). Offers suggestions for the premonitory stage, but emphasizing that since opium is both "useful and popular" medical men should be consulted–then follow several bedside medicine assumptions (age and other circumstances in determining dosages, role of diet, keep warm, avoid wet or damp).
CBH–instructions . . . respecting the treatment of cholera." LMG 42 (1848): 595-98. [Emphasizes "the important difference that exists between Cholera and Fever [?? influenza], with respect to the mode of propagation of these epidemic diseases. Fever, it is well known, is highly contagious, or easily propagated from one individual to another, while all experience shows that Cholera is rarely, if ever, contagious" (595)—> no need to separate sick from well, for healthy to shun the sick, to set up cholera hospitals when most can be treated in own dwellings. A bit later: "Cholera being rarely, if ever, contagious, there is not the risk of infection, as in Fever . . ." (595). Then how to respond to attacks: "In nearly all cases of Cholera, there are two stages of the disease; the first being merely Diarrhœa, or simple looseness of the bowels; the second being the stage of Collapse or Blue Cholera, marked by cramps, failure of the circulation, lividity of the skin, cold, clammy perspiration, and all the other well-known symptoms of the disease. In the first stage of the disease, medical treatment is frequently successful: in the second stage too often of no avail" (597). Lists various preservatives, including "Be very careful that the water used as drink is of good quality." But their concluding recommendations leaves out water: "In fine, shun damp places, particularly for sleeping; breathe pure air; observe cleanliness; keep the surface of the body warm; avoid fatigues, and excesses of all kinds; use wholesome plain food; live temperately; preserve, as much as possible, a state of general good health, and you will have adopted the best safeguards against Cholera."
RCP suggestions for measures adopted respecting prevention of Asiatic cholera. LMG 42 (1848): 815-16. [The College's Cholera Committee was unwilling to take a stance on contagion/non-contagion, but noted that "Cholera appears to have been very rarely communicated by personal intercourse" (815). "the disease has almost invariably been most destructive in the dampest and filthiest parts of the towns it has visited." Hence, sanitary measures including improving state of sewers and drains, removals of "decaying vegetable and animal matter," ventilation, etc. Similar preventative measures as suggested by BoH, but cannot agree on a "uniform plan of treatment." Set up Cholera Hospitals to assist the poor (not because of fears of infection) in the event the visitation is serious.]
Editorial. Lancet 2 (1848): 426-27. [14 October. Follow-up on BoH]

"Asiatic Cholera." MT 19 (1848-49): 11-12. [editorial of 14 October 48, indicating that confirmed cases of cholera in London. First cases were in Hull, where sailors died within hours. "Upon a closer investigation of the Hull cases, however, it is evident that the mortal symptoms resulted more from the violation of hygienic rules than the direct attack of an epidemic pestilence. Beer and plums taken in immoderate quantities by individuals exposed to atmospherical vicissitudes, and called to undergo a considerable amount of bodily fatigue, will at any time set up a gastric irritation not easily allayed; and it would be an insult to science to assert that these cases were produced by contagion or infection" (12). Then, "the facts connected with the history of Asiatic cholera . . . prove incontestably that it is not what we commonly understand to be a contagious malady. We have here all the analogies of an epidemic, –originating in the East, extending from one country to another, till people of almost every language have felt its power" (12). In short, the Board of Health is confirmed in "its non-contagiousness" and the recommendations of the Central Board of Health in Dublin are similar (and partly reprinted, including recommended medical actions).]

"Chloroform in Cholera." MT 19 (1848-49): 14. [Letter to ed, dated 9 October, from P. Brady, surgeon in Harrow. Believes he's the first to employ chloroform in the treatment of cholera. Gives recommendations for use in all stages: first, in a draught; second, draught + pill, followed by chloroform in a liniment to be rubbed into body whilst keeping it as warm as possible (contra what JS will soon suggest at the WMS), and in third, chloroform as part of an enema. Three dabs ‘ll do you!]

"Lectures on the Asiatic Cholera." MT 19 (1848-49): 34-37 (stages, symptoms, etc.), 50-52 (diffusion of epidemic and influence of rivers), 106-08 (treatment). [by a George Ross, Esq. Surgeon to the Western City Dispensary. Stages, etc. contains a vituperative critique of governmental commissions and variety of theories. Reiterates a number of the central arguments of the general epidemic cohort, but without clarity or specificity. Part III, on diffusion and rivers: "The question of contagion or non-contagion has been discussed usque ad nauseam; . . . The majority of opinion is . . . in favour of the non-contagiousness of cholera;–the preponderance of facts supports the doctrine; the present Board of Health have proclaimed there faith in it, and what can we do but believe? There are, however, many well-authenticated observations that seem to prove the reverse;–these are exceptions; . . . Some surgeons are advocates of conditional contagion; that is, contagion dependent upon the intensity of the disease, and the degree of impregnation of the atmosphere by the morbific matter; for this word "contagion" has been understood to comprise communication by inspiration as well as by touch. This is very unphilosophic [opinion founded upon partial observations] (50). Section on rivers essentially argues that there is no connection other than the fact that cholera is concentrated where people live in large numbers and many towns/cities are on rivers; does mention him "referring to a map" to make this point regarding India. Has an interesting comparison of districts on the banks of the Thames, including Southwark and Lambeth (51). In treatment section, uses tables of treatments from Vienna and Paris to conclude that stimulants (including venous injection) are highly dangerous, opiates less so but harmful. Uncertain about emetics except for the saline treatment–use of salts + cold water ("the Greville-street combination" (107)), which he thinks ought to be tried more extensively. Bloodletting better than stimulants, but inferior to saline treatment. Praises the RCP for its recommendations over those of the General Board of Health at Gwydyr House.]

"[?? Title missing. MT 19 (1848-49): 51-52. [has argument for miasmatic spread, noting increase in deaths near river banks, esp at low levels, and "defective sanitary arrangements" as cause at higher elevations or far from banks, during the 1831-32 epidemic.]
Analyses of Works of Cholera. Lancet 2 (1848): 451-53. [21 October issue; brief reviews/extracts from several recent works, including one by "Mr. Greenhow, of Newcastle" who considers that "the influence of cholera, like the carbonic acid of the Grotto del Cane, gravitates to the lowest situations'; states that lesson from 1831-32 is that cholera isn't contagious; danger is from the localities, usually low places–a certain line of altitude "beneath which disease will certainly take place, in degrees proportioned to the predisposition or susceptibility of the inhabitants."]

"Public Health.–Cholera." Lancet 2 (1848): 462-63. [21 October issue; abstract of regulations promulgated by GBoH, under the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Act (11 & 12 Victoria, chap. 123, sec 1.)]
Medical Society of London–9 October. Cholera. Lancet 2 (1848): 453-54; LMG 682-83. [Lancet issue of 21 October; Dr. Clutterbuck informed of a case of cholera at the London Hosp. Not inclined to consider cholera contagious. Asks for info on treatment used by fellows. Only Dr. Chowne is recorded as saying he considers cholera contagious, "but not very contagious." Mentions incident in Newcastle.]

"Cholera at Peckham.–Use of chloroform." LMG 42 (1848): 767-68. [Dr. Clutterbuck's presentation at Medical Society of London, 23 Oct 1848]

"Treatment of the Cholera by Chloroform &c. in Peckham House (Poor) Asylum." Lancet 2 (1848): 514. [4 November issue; copy of J. Hill's letter to ed., in The Times of 30 October]

"Correspondence. The Cholera–Results of Treatment by Chloroform." LMG 42 (1848): 902-03. [Ltr from James Hill, 13 Nov 1848, on treatments at the Peckham House Asylum]

"Chloroform as a Remedy for Cholera." MT 19 (1848-49): 286-87. [Jones Lamprey, M.D., London. Finds too many analogies between results from administration of chloroform and cholera to consider the former "a specific" remedy. Looks at patient responses and post mortem examination, esp the transaction of the Acad. de Méd. In short, Lamprey advises against its use in most cases–and there is now a dispute that might have hooked JS to intervene as the acknowledged expert on admin and research in chloroform.]

"Directions Relative to the Prevention and Treatment of Cholera [by RCP]." Lancet 2 (1848): 534-35.

 "Nature and probable causes of cholera maligna." LMG 42 (1848): 929-34. [remarks by J. H. James, surgeon to the Devon and Exeter Hospital. "One of the most important questions to be determined is, whether this pestilence is, or is not, infectious. I shall not dispute about terms: nice verbal distinctions are unworthy of such subjects. Is it communicable? whether by breath, contact, fomites, or otherwise? If it is communicable, this question is answered. In this discussion, however, I shall use the terms infectious or contagious as meaning communicable, the least objectionable one, but less commonly in use" (929). Although his conclusion, based on evidence from the Edinburgh Journal for February 1832 and "Dr. Copland's celebrated Dictionary" (930)–HB, take note–is that "the evidence for its being infectious [is] in many instances remarkably strong," he spends much of his paper countering classic anti-contagionist arguments. Has a contingent contagionist dimension: "Circumstances of situation, temperature, and other conditions of the air, aggravate or lessen its violence, but there is no evidence that they produce it. In these respects it agrees with influenza" (931). Believes that there are two "classes" of "infectious and pestilential diseases": invariably malignant (including plague and yellow fever) and varying intensities, from mild to severe (scarlatina, variola–and perhaps cholera). "If the disease is considered infectious, little difficulty will arise from various phenomena (which however explained or inexplicable) it possesses in common with other epidemics. They slumber for a time, then break out with violence, sweep in a particular direction, ravage a large portion of the earth's surface, and subside again for a while" (932). After an assertion that "the Supreme Being" indulges in multiple creations, including "new forms of disease," James notes that "when the seminum has once been produced on the surface of the earth, we must admit that, under certain conditions, it may be preserved indefinitely, and after long intervals renew its work of destruction" (932); cites "virus of the vaccine or small-pox," scarlatina, and thinks that "the semina [of such diseases] can operate at large distances" (933). "If (to sum up the arguments) it be allowed that the cause of cholera is an infection; that this infection is copiously produced from the bodies of the sick; that it may be disseminated to large distances; that the inhabitants of places attacked are liable to be influenced in great numbers, though in very different degrees; that the severe attacks are commonly the result of some powerful occasional cause [?? such as aerial contingency]; that the mild ones have been improperly omitted as instances of the disease; we may explain nearly all the phenomena which have been observed" about cholera (934). (On the latter point, he prophetically points to the infant at 40 Broad Street.) Closing reference to "the inspissated state of the blood. This has been regarded as a cause of the deficient circulation and of the asphyxia [recall JS's remarks at WMS], and it has been attributed to the large separation of the fluid parts of the blood from the alimentary canal . . ." (934). James thinks it possible for cholera to present without diarrhea, but recommends animal experimentation to resolve this. In the meantime, James asserts: "I believe myself that the changes in the blood of cholera patients either depends upon the operation of the poison, which, as it were, curdles it in the vessels, or on the loss of so much of the vital principle as to allow it to approach a state of semicoagulation before death actually occurs" (934).

"On Chloroform in Cholera." Lancet 2 (1848): 551-52. [ltr. in 18 November issue from James Moffat, M.D. Edinburgh, rec. use of chloroform at first appearance of cholera symptoms.]
Medical Society of London–6 November 1848. Lancet 2 (1848): 556. [18 November issue; more discussion of cholera, including use of chloroform.]
Medical Society of London–27 November. LMG 42 (1848): 988. Lancet 2 (1848): 610 [2 December 1848 issue; Clutterbuck offered update on the Peckham Asylum treatments, and discussion followed, including comment by Hird.]

"Asiatic Cholera Successfully Treated by Chloroform." Lancet 1 (1849): 63. [James Moffat, M.D. reports]

"Three lectures on cholera delivered to the students at St. George's Hospital, February 1832," Lancet 1 (1849): 137-41, 165-68, 221-24. [W. F. Chambers, physician to the Queen; has section on contagion vs. miasma, and other suspected causes.]

"On the Question of the Contagion in Cholera." LMG 43 (1849): 141-49. [Daniel Noble, read at Manchester Med Soc in Dec 1848; in issue of 26 Jan.]
Editorial on fomites and cholera. LMG 43 (1849): 199-202. [issue of 2 Feb 1849; disagrees with BoH assertion that cholera is non-contagious. Believes it's done out of "social expediency"–a well-intentioned concern that the victims will be abandoned and population exodus occur. Cites 1846 report of House Assembly of NY on quarantine laws, in which there is reference to Rush's views of yellow fever. Then editorial makes case for fomites as potential for transference of "noxious effluvia," regardless of whether there is any odor attached. "The fact that the cholera poison thus admits of transportation, like the poisons of scarlet fever, yellow fever, or puerperal fever, cannot, in our judgment, admit of any doubt" (201). ]

"Conclusions respecting the Mode of the propagation of cholera in Russia." LMG 43 (1849): 217. [issue of 2 Feb; signature characteristics of contagion, but an epidemic contingency–" In many places the cholera appeared in an epidemic form, without any communication with infected districts, under the influence of general causes, of which we have as yet no satisfactory explanation" (217). Also usual suspects ("low situations," poor ventilation, etc.) as other contingencies.]

"Contagiousness of Cholera–its typhoid form." LMG 43 (1849): 261. [abstract of article from Gazette Médicale, in which Dr. Fourcault describes contagion at the Isle of France in 1829, brought there by a British frigate. Since the "consecutive fever was of the typhoid type," Fourcault distinguished this form of typhoid cholera from Asiatic cholera, which is normally non-contagious. He argues "that cholera is never contagious except when combined with typhus,–a law which, he states, obtains also with regard to yellow fever and plague" (261).

"Cholera at Margate." Lancet 1 (1849): 104-05. [ltr to ed by Jos. Waddington, that cholera is not contagious; "it is impossible any epidemic disease should ever depend on contagion"]

"On the Intestinal Discharges in Cholera." London Journal of Medicine 1 (1849): 134-52. [article by E. A. Parkes, which JS cited at meeting of Royal Med & Chirur Soc the following year; and refers to it in MCC2]

"Pathological Condition of the Blood in Cholera." Lancet 1 (1849): 511-12. [Abstract of paper read by Garrod at 5 May mtg of West Med Soc]

"On the Pathological Condition of the Blood in Cholera." London Journal of Medicine 1 (1849): 409-37. [paper by A. B. Garrod, that JS mentions/cites along with Parkes's paper]

"The Cholera. Abstract of a Notification by the General Board of Health, June 11." Lancet 1 (1849): 675-76.

"Report of a Case of Cholera Treated by Transfusion." Lancet 2 (1849): 71-73.
T. M. Greenhow, "On the Treatment of Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 89-91.

"On the Influence of the Winds; and Apparatus Employed in Meteorological Observations." Lancet 2 (1849): 91-93.

"Analysis of Pamphlets on Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 94-95.
Editorial. Lancet 2 (1849): 97-98. [28 July; critical of BoH]

"Asiatic Cholera Successfully Treated by the Inhalation of Chloroform." Lancet 2 (1849): 121. [Mutrie Fairbrother, M.D.; 4 August issue]
Editorial. Lancet 2 (1849): 128-30. [28 July; critical of BoH]

"On the Production of Cholera by Insufficient Drainage." Lancet 2 (1849): 232-34. [by Alfred Smee, FRS. Doesn't think cholera follows water, citing New River; baffling reasoning]

"South London Medical Society." LMG 44 (1849): 429-33. [mtg at which Dr. Lloyd spoke about effects of impure water; cited by JS in MCC2, 30.]
Editorial on cleansing of sewers, Albion Terrace, and Grant's Report. LMG 44 (1849): 463-65. [14 September; JS reacts to this in ltr to ed on 21 September–"Cholera at Albion Terrace."]

"On the beneficial effects of chloroform in the treatment of cholera." LMG 44 (1849): 479. [ltr from John Davies, M.D.]
Editorial on London water supply. Lancet 2 (1849): 298-99. [15 September]

"Proposed New Society for the Investigation of Cholera and Other Epidemic Diseases." Lancet 2 (1849): 301-02. [15 Sept issue; signed "Pater"]
Review of Thomas Shapter, The History of the Cholera in Exeter, in 1832. London: Churchill, 1849. [8vo., pp. 297] Lancet 2 (1849): 317. [issue of 22 Sept]; LMG 44 (1849): 500-03.

"Treatment of Cholera by Chloroform." Lancet 2 (1849): 327. [dated Sept. Internal use, mixed with "mucilage." In a P.S., the author of this ltr to ed., John Davies (of the book on medical corporations?) mentions that Mr. Brady of Harrow, and others, were generally known to have "used the same remedy successfully in the course of the last winter."]

"Certain Organic Cells Peculiar to the Evacuations of Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 368-71.[by J. G. Swayne from Bristol]

"Alleged Discovery of the Cause of Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 371-72. [reprint of a letter to the Times of 26 Sept by William Budd]
College of Physicians and Cholera. Lancet 2 (1849): 375-76. [reprint of the circular of 19 Sep]
Westminster Medical Society. Lancet 2 (1849): 401-04. [at first meeting of session, 6 Oct, Dr. Webster delivered a paper, "Observations of the Health of the Metropolis during the last six months, more especially in reference to the recent epidemic of cholera." Mention is made of pure water (but not JS's hypothesis) and of the fungi theory of Brittan. Comment by Lankester; none by JS.]

"The Vitality of Choleraic Fungi." Lancet 2 (1849): 427-28, 451-53, 556-58, ??. [by Mr. John Grove]
Editorial on need for pure water, etc. Lancet 2 (1849): 435. [sanitarian]
Editorial. LMG 44 (1849): 672-75. [applauds action of the Sanitary Committee of Nottingham; features the provision of "the almost unlimited supply of wholesome filtered water, obtained from the river Trent, and copious springs in the neighborhood" (672); cited by JS in PMCC, 926.]
Editorial on need to compile evidence on treatment of cholera. Lancet 2 (1849): 435-36.
Review of W. Budd, Malignant Cholera: its Mode of Propagation, and its Prevention. LMG 44 (1849): 720-21.

"On the Propagation of Cholera by Contagion." LMG 44 (1849): 752-55. [favors progress of cholera by contagion. "This word is used in its ordinary sense, as including both contagion and infection, strictly so called" (752).

"Further Remarks on the Proposed New Society for the Investigation of Cholera and Other Epidemic Diseases." Lancet 2 (1849): 592.[signed J. H. Tucker, 17 Nov]

"Cholera Contagious." MT 21 (1850): 99. [report from Acad. Med in Paris that a M. Pellarin presented a case of transmission via clothing, esp a mattress on which an infected person had slept]

"On the fungoid and animalcular theories of epidemic diseases." MT 21 (1850): 293-94. [Ayres reviews three hypotheses and then refutes them]

"The Cholera and the Districts of the Metropolis." MT 21 (1850): 170. [issue of 2 March, with ref to diagram in the weekly return that compares altitude levels and water supply of housing on the two sides of the Thames, including statement that southern side has water chiefly drawn from below Battersea]

"Chemical Researches on the Nature and Cause of Cholera." M-CTrans 33 (1849-50): 67-98. [Robert Dundas Thomson, Master in Surgery and lecturer on chemistry, U of Glascow; read by Benj. Brodie on 12 March 1850. "The results of the chemical investigation of this disease have led to the conclusion, that spasmodic cholera is divisible into three stages:–1. The laxative stage (stage of invasion of Annesley, diarrhœal stage of Dr. A. Buchanan), which appears analogous to common laxity of the bowels, depending probably on the transference of diffusion of water from the blood to the mucous membrane of the intestinal canal. 2. The lymphatic stage (leucorrhœal of Dr. A. Buchanan, second or advanced stage of Annesley, collapse stage of others), characterized by rice-water dejections, the composition of which more nearly resembles the lymphatic fluids secreted in many diseases into serous cavities than any other animale fluids with which we are acquainted. 3. The biliary stage (included in the second stage of Annesley, and identical with the cholerrhœal stage of Dr. Buchanan; stage of reaction of others), characterized by the return of bile to the intestinal canal, and the setting in generally [sic] of smart febrile symptoms" (68).  After presenting results of various chemical tests on blood, lymphatic fluid, stool, the conclusions follow: "1. That the incipient stage of cholera does not differ materially from the common forms of diarrhœa, inasmuch as its treatment is successfully managed by similar means; and this result may lead to the inquiry [hypothesis],–does not the removal of the symptoms of the disease by narcotics, and, therefore, the retention of the fluids in the system, afford an argument against the idea of a morbid poison being the cause of cholera? 2. That in the second stage of cholera, a lymphatic fluid is diffused from the blood into the intestinal canal, corresponding exactly in chemical composition with that secreted or diffused through the serous membranes in hydrocele and hydrocephalus, and other forms of dropsy. Compared with healthy blood, it appears, that the salt which has diffused most largely into the intestines, is common salt, while the albumen of the blood possesses this power of transference generally in a very limited degree. The facts seem to show, that in this stage, instead of as in the natural state, the diffusive power of the mucous membrane being exerted from the intestines towards the blood, the reverse action occurs; thus pointing to a parallelism with purely physical phenomena. Conjoined with other characters, they supply an argument for the inquiry,–May not cholera be an epidemic intestinal catarrh, influenza being an epidemic respiratory catarrh? [O.E.D.: def #3, "Inflammation of a mucous membrane; usually restricted to that of the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes . . .  constituting a common ‘cold.' Often with a qualifying word, as alcoholic, bronchial, chronic, gastric, uterine catarrh; epidemic catarrh, influenza; summer catarrh, hay-asthma." Example that makes influenza and epidemic catarrh is from 1831/47.] 3. In the third stage the lymphatic fluid ceases to be poured out from the blood. The bile is excreted, and the normal diffusion from the intestines to the blood resumes its action. 4. There is no evidence of the existence of any organic body in the atmosphere during the prevalence of cholera, and hence the inquiry is suggested,–May not this and parallel diseases which are not contagious, such as ague, be principally due to meteorological and physical influences, acting on debilitated habits [predisposing causes], and thus a distinction be established between them and contagious affections produced by morbid poisons, as typified by small-pox? (97-98).]

"The Cholera in Plymouth and its Neighborhood in 1849." MT 22 (1850): 116-17, 195-97, 453-55. [by Dr. Roe]

"Epidemiological Society." MT 22 (1850): 132-33. [founding meeting; JS not among first list of officers]

"The Locality of Cholera in St. Giles's in 1832 and 1849." MT 22 (1850): 138-39. [Dr. King]

"The Epidemic of 1849 illustrated by St. Giles's, and suggestive of the gaseous origin of cholera." Med. Times 22 (1850): 197-200. [by Dr. King]
Review of Report of the General Board of Health on the Epidemic Cholera in 1848 and 1849.  Med. Times 22 (1850): 315-17.
Review of Arthur Hassall, Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Body. MT 2 (1851): 44-47.
Review of John Grove, Epidemics Examined and Explained, or Living Germs proved by Analogy to be a Source of Disease. LJM 3 (1851): 54-56.
Review of Thomas Wright, Cholera In the Asylum. LJM 3 (1851): 56-57. [use of statistics]

"On the Infectious Origin and Propagation of Cholera." MT 2 (1851): 506-10; 648-51; 666-71. [printing of paper by Bryson, probably the one read at Epi Soc on 6 January]

"On the Propagation of Yellow Fever by Cholera." LMG 47 (1851): 866-68. [Dr. McWilliam at meeting of Epidemiological Society, 5 May]

"Medical Topography of London." MT 3 (1851): 64-65.

"Water Supply for the Metropolis." MT 3 (1851): 70-71. [editorial, 19 July]

"Prevention of Cholera: A Governmental Duty." MT 3 (1851): 100-01. [editorial, 26 July]

"Water Supply for the Metropolis." MT 3 (1851): 128-29. [editorial, 2 August]

"The Cholera in Plymouth and Its Neighbourhood, in 1849." MT 3 (1851): 194-97. [article by Roe; use of a map]

"Metropolitan Water Supply." MT 3 (1851): 260-61. [editorial, 6 Sept]
MSL. "Special Meeting. Resolutions against Homœopathy." MT 3 (1851): 417-19. [issue of 18 October; no mention of JS.]

"Medical Society of London." MT 3 (1851): 409-10. [editorial about its financial problems, 18 October]

"Vaccination and Smallpox." LMG 47 (1851): 868. [questions issued by the society]

"Asiatic Cholera in Jamaica." LMG 48 (1851): 1079-81. [paper read by Dr. Milroy at meeting of the Epidemiological Society, 1 December]

"Lateral depression of the left thoracic wall . . ." LMG 48 (1851): 1110-11. [paper read by B. W. Richardson at Medical Society of London]

"The March of Death in St. Giles." MT 3 (1851): 145-50;274-77;660-63. [articles by Dr. King; contains mapping of occurrences]
Epidemiological Society. LJM 4 (1852): 292-95. [meetings on 5 Jan, on treatment during 1849 cholera, and 2 Feb, on dysentery in China]

"Epidemic, Endemic, and Infectious Diseases." MTG 4 (1852): 62-65. [issue of 17 January]

"Dr. Davey and Mesmerism . . ." MTG 4 (1852): 87-89. [editorial]

"Water Supply for the Metropolis." MTG 4 (1852): 163-64. [editorial, Saturday 14 Feb]

"Death by Chloroform." MTG 4 (1852): 293-94. [editorial, issue of 20 March]

"The Administration of Chloroform in Public Hospitals." MTG 4 (1852): 345-46. [editorial; also one on "Bitter Beer"]
Epidemiological Society. MTG 4 (1852): 477-78. [report on committees]
Observations on "Second Report on Quarantine" by BoH. MTG 4 (1852): 511-15; 540-45.

"The Board of Health and Yellow Fever." MTG 4 (1852): 567-68. [editorial, critical of inaction by newly established BoH.]

"New Board of Midwifery at the College of Surgeons." MTG 4 (1852): 622. ["what long remained only an art, has latterly, through the application of physiology, risen into the position of a science"]

"On the recent Death from Chloroform." MTG 4 (1852): 587-89. [by J. Chitty Clendon, Surgeon-Dentist to Westminster Hospital]

"On the Propagation of Yellow Fever by Contagion." MTG 4 (1852): 640-41. [paper by A. Bryson]

"Deaths in the Metropolis." MTG 6 (1853): 52 [the weekly breakdown, including the category for "zymotic (or epidemic, endemic, and contagious) diseases"]; 102 [table of mortality, that includes columns on weather and meteorology]

"Sanitary Movement." MTG 6 (1853): 92-93. [editorial; refers to 1849 cholera epidemic]

"Death from the Inhalation of Chloroform during Surgical Operations." AMJ 1 (11 February 1853): 131-34.

"On the influence of noxious effluvia on the origin and propagation of epidemic diseases." MTG 6 (1853): 227-29. [paper read by Mr. Grainger at meeting of the Epidemiology Society in Feb.]
Review of Thomas Shapter, Sanitary Measures and their Results; being a Sequel to "The History of Cholera in Exeter in 1832, 32 pp., Churchill, 1853. MTG 6 (1853): 298-99.
Editorial. Lancet 1 (1853): 453. [condemns use of chloroform in "perfectly ordinary labour," such as Queen Victoria's accouchement that resulted in birth of Prince Leopold on 7 April, due to unnecessary danger that might be incurred from an agent that has "indisputably . . . poisonous action." But considers chloroform of "immense importance in surgical operations."]

"General Board of Health and the Croydon Fever." MTG 7 (1853): 93-94. [23 July editorial, critical of BoH for not doing enough about sanitary reform.]

"Cholera Progress." MTG 7 (1853): 195-96. [editorial of 20 August, noting that cholera is in Copenhagen and rec. restrictions on vessels coming from infected places.]

"Cholera and the Board of Health." MTG 7 (1853): 271-73. [editorial of 10 September, critical of BoH for not dealing with sanitary measures that would reduce its spread; analysis of Weekly Returns which indicate effluvia as cause of cholera.]

"The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 329-31. [24 September; order in council and GBoH notification]

"On the Admission of Cholera Patients into Public Hospitals." MTG 7 (1853): 331-33. [ltr from Babington, pres of Epi Soc, to Milroy, chairman of Cholera Cte.]

"The Cholera. Directions and Regulations of the General Board of Health." MTG 7 (1853): 354-56.

"Treatment of Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 375-76. [editorial of 8 October]

"The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 400-01. [seems to be an editorial, of 15 October; discusses "some important laws of cholera in relation to the seasons . . ."]

"Quinine in Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 407. [ltr to ed., 9 Oct, from E. A. Parkes]

"Medical Officers of Health." MTG 7 (1853): 424-25. [editorial of 22 Oct, critical of the "false theory of the" GBoH with respect to cholera]

"The Cholera. The Laws of Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 429-30. [editorial of 22 October. "The Thames and its tributaries furnish all the illustrations it will be necessary to present for the purpose of showing the inseparable connexion between polluted waters and the plentiful diffusion of choleraic poison."]

"The Cholera and the Drainage of London." MTG 7 (1853): 455. [editorial of 29 October]

"Clergy versus Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 480-81. [editorial of 5 Nov, indicating active work by clergymen in behalf of sanitary reform, but institutional lethargy]

"The Epidemiological Society and Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 504-06. [editorial of 12 Nov; lists questions one should ask "regarding the origin, propagation, pathology, and treatment of epidemic cholera"]

"Report of the Registrar-General for the Quarter ending September, 1853." MTG 7 (1853): 506-08.

"Cholera and the Water Supply." MTG 7 (1853): 535-36. [extracts from paper read at Pathological Soc of Newcastle, 27 October, about Newcastle's water supply; in 19 November issue]

"Cholera and the London Water Supply." MTG 7 (1853): 558-59. [editorial of 26 Nov, with citations from Farr's Supplement to the Weekly Return, and a table]

 "The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 583. [editorial of 3 Dec, commenting favorably on Dr. Macloughlin's researches on premonitory diarrhœa and cholera]

"The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 606-08; 632-35 [editorials of 10 Dec, commenting on Dr. Mac again and also printing "Extracts from Mr. Simon's Report" on London sanitation; second extract from Simon includes discussion of "London Pump-Water"]

"Report of the Outbreak of Cholera in the Borough Gaol of Newcastle-on-Tyne." MTG 7 (1853): 627-28. [by Greenhow, in 17 Dec. issue]
Review of Wm Stevens, Observations on the Nature and Treatment of the Asiatic Cholera. Lancet [?? (1853?): ?. [rejection of author's argument in behalf of the saline treatment]

"The London Water Supply and the Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 42. [editorial of 14 January]

"Mode of Communication." MTG 8 (1854): 303. [phrase is used in an article about a case of equina]

"Propagation of Asiatic cholera by human intercourse." MTG 8 (1854): 374-75, 427-30. [paper read in Newcastle in January by Edw. Charlton.]

"Some Important Facts Regarding Cholera." The Lancet 1 (1854) :69. [issue of 21 January; brief note by John Forlonge form Antigua, explaining how the ship Glenmenna brought cholera to Nevis, and seems to constitute an experimentum crucis that cholera is contagious–although "the profession here are almost to a man non-contagionists]

"Cholera and Premonitory Diarrhœa." MTG 8 (1854): 269-70. [ltr by Dr. Macloughlin, in 18 Feb issue, argues that there is a short period between the first attack of diarrhœa.and the onset of the cramps associated with cholera when medical intervention can be effective. That is, there are premonitory symptoms of cholera]

"The London Water Supply and the Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 88-89. [editorial of 28 January]

"Statistics of the Cases of the Cholera Epidemic, 1853, Treated at the Newcastle Dispensary." MTG 8 (1854): 106-08, 129-31, 182-83. [J. S. Pearse and Jeffery A. Marston; "Dr. Snow thinks, that the introduction of some of the excretions into the system may propagate the disorder; hence we may here incidentally mention, that one of the dispensers drank (by mistake) some rice-water evacuations, without any injurious effects whatever" (182).

"The London Water Supply and the Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 137. [editorial of 11 February]

"Clinical Notes on Cholera." AMJ (1854): 216-22; 330-35; 347-53; 410-14; 527-31; 670-76; 834-41; 896-900; 967-71; 1110-20. [written by W. Lauder Lindsay, M.D., late Resident Physician at the Surgeons' Square Cholera Hosp, Edinburgh; serialized between 10 March and 15 December 1854]

"Is Cholera Contagious?" The Lancet 1 (1854): 310. [issue of 18 March; extract from Dr. Baly's Report on Cholera, stating that evidence on contagiousness of cholera remains inconclusive]

"Gay versus Wakley." MTG 8 (1854): 293-94. [editorial, excoriating Wakley and the Lancet for engineering a dismissal of Mr. Gay from the Royal Free Hospital, allegedly because he wrote for a rival journal.]

"The New Nursing Scheme." MTG 8 (1854): 380-81. [editorial of 15 April, endorsing recommendations in a paper at 3 April mtg of the Epi Soc for the Poor Law Unions to employ eligible individuals in the Workhouses to serve as nurses for the laboring classes; to implement this scheme would "be in accordance with those [principles] of sound Political Economy, of scientific Medicine, and practical Christianity" (381). JS had endorsed this scheme at the meeting of the Epi Soc, esp. because it would improve the cleanliness in homes of the poor]

"The Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 408-09. [ed of 22 April, noting appearance of two cases of cholera and bemoaning how little in the way of prevention is undertaken by various authorities (including the BoH. Advocates govt relief for the poor and various measures such as cleansing streets, etc. Other than "the utility of fresh air and pure water" there is no specific endorsement of JS's theory or recommendations.]

"Cholera, its Nature and Treatment." The Lancet 1 (1854): 600. [issue of  3 June; brief review of Hassall's pamphlet.

"Saline Treatment of Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 580. [ltr that gives synopsis of seven cases]

"Presence of Certain Crystalline Fatty Bodies in the Vomit of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 10-11. [abstract of paper by W. L. Lindsay, Edinburgh; 1 July issue]

"Proposed Draining of the Plumstead Marshes." MTG 9 (1854): 16-17. [editorial, 1 July, urging draining of marshes to improve sanitary condition of inhabitants]

"General Board of Health." MTG 9 (1854): 140-41. [editorial of 5 August about the proposed new Board]

"Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 149-50. [report on its progress; issue of 5 August]

"Health of the Baltic Fleet." MTG 9 (1854): 152. [short notice, which JS then cites in his ltr to ed. of 5 August, which appeared under "Cholera in the Baltic Fleet." MTG 9 (1854): 170.]

"On the Treatment of Cholera and Choleraic Diarrhœa." MTG 9 (1854): 169-70. [ltr to ed by Fuller; issue of 12 August]

"On the Treatment of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 234-38. [article by Headlam Greenhow; issue of 2 Sept]

"Cholera and the Union Surgeons." MTG 9 (1854): 243. [editorial, 2 Sept]

"Treatment of Cholera by Castor Oil." MTG 9 (1854): 271-72. [ltr to ed by Geo. Johnson; one of many]
List of Scientific Societies in London. MTG 9 (1854): 307.

"The Cholera and the Board of Health," and "St. Pancras Vestry and the Present Epidemic." MTG 9 (1854): 320-21. [editorials, 23 Sept]

"Cholera in the Black Sea Fleet." MTG 9 (1854): 350-51. [Ltr from unnamed surgeon in fleet, passed along to MTG by John Veitch in 30 August issue. Cited by JS in MCC2 , 36.]

"Cholera in St. James." MTG 9 (1854): 351. [ltr to editor by A. P. Stewart, dated 27 Sept; issue of 30 Sept]

"Cholera in the Middlesex Hospital." MTG 9 (1854): 363-65. [article by Stewart]

"The ‘Times' and Castor Oil" and "Homœopathy and the Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 373-74. [editorials in 7 October issue]

"Water Supply of London and Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 427-28. [issue of 21 October, extract from what may be Reg-Gen report, but mentions Mr. Glaisher; cf. 1849 and part of 1854; "The impure water of the Thames is still supplied by the Southwark Company. . . and the deaths by cholera are already more numerous than they were in 1849; while in the parish of Lambeth Company, the mortality is much lower than it was in 1849." "The pipes of the two Companies which were once in active competition often run down the same streets, and through the same sub-districts, so that alternate streets or houses in the same sub-districts are supplied with the pure and the impure water." etc]

"Influence of the Waters of London on the Mortality of Cholera." AMJ (1854): 983-84. [extracts from Reg-Gen Rpt of 14 October]
Medical Society of London. MTG 9 (1854): 452-53. [discussion at 21 Oct mtg about cholera, with Richardson beginning with ref to Buchanan's exp on injecting water into cellular tissue of cholera victims; Lankester makes reference to Snow's investigation of Br. St, but that his theory is vitiated by a solid [sic] brick lining of the well; shows himself to be an effluvialist.]

"On the Nature of Cholera and the Principles of Its Treatment." MTG 9 (1854): 461-63. [article by Sadler; issue of 4 Nov]
Epidemiological Society. MTG 9 (1854): 511-13. [Babington's address about cholera, at 1st mtg of new session; issue of 18 Nov]

"Etiology of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 515. [trans of ltr from Liebig; 18 Nov issue]

"Discussion of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 550-51. [abstract of discussion about cholera in Munich, mentioned by Liebig in prior issue; 25 Nov issue]

"Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 575. [abstracts from foreign journals, with references to Pettenkofer and Thiersch; 2 Dec issue.]

"Proposed Remedies for Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 576-77. [anonymous ltr to ed]

"Results of the Cholera Epidemic–1854." MTG 9 (1854): 650-52. [in 23 Dec issue, extracts from Reg-Gen report; mentions elevation of soil, temperature, and water supply; comes down heavily on Southwark Co]

"On the cholera in Tynemouth in 1831-2, 1848-9, & 1853." Lancet 1 (1855): 217-18; MTG 10 (1855): 194. [paper read by Headlam Greenhow at 5 Feb meeting of the Epidemiological Society. Milroy and JS reply, the latter saying that Greenhow's remarks support his own theory, even though Greenhow does not recognize it. Original paper published in Transactions of the Epidemiological Society, JPH&SR 1 (1855): 24-50.]

"Chronological Survey of the Epidemics of Europe and Western Asia, Previous to the Era of Hippocrates." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 41ff. ["Epidemic diseases . . . prove how thoroughly the sum of organic life is subject to the great powers of nature, and how extensively all organised bodies are liable, from causes as dissimilar as they are numerous, to change and decay" (41-42). "Epidemic diseases, being essentially acute, and running rapidly through their stages, require not only that we should be prepared promptly to relieve those who are attacked, but also that we should be enabled by prophylactic measures to prevent the healthy from being affected. The knowledge, necessary for the accomplishment of this object, can only be acquired by an unprejudiced investigation of the atmospheric influences resulting from meteorological changes; of the endless variety in the circumstances of social life; and, in short, of all that is known of the laws by which epidemic visitations are governed, the causes whence they arise, and the conditions under which they are propagated" (42).

"Parliament Bills and Returns. III. Metropolis Water." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 83-85. [Daily supply of water in 1853 by nine water cos. "The main proportion of this water is derived from the Thames. . . . It would seem . . . that the Thames, after all, is the only safe source of supply as regards quantity, and that a more correct application of the engineer's and chemist's knowledge would speedily render this supply equally safe in respect to quality" (84-85).]

"Sanitary Condition of Lambeth Square and the Surrounding Districts." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 178-79. [abstract of report dated 11 October 1854 to GBH by Dr. D. Fraser, Superintending Medical Inspector. "This district is partly supplied by the Vauxhall Water Company, and the water is of a poisonous character, full of dirt and animal matter; many of the water-butts are kept in such a bad state, and placed so near the privies, as to render the water unfit for drinking use" (179).]

"Report of the Committee for Scientific Inquiries of the Medical Council of the General Board of Health, in relation to the Cholera Epidemic of 1854." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 318. ["Meteorological observations accord well with the view that the channel of cholera poison is the lungs." Dismiss JS's "exclusive theory." Fence-sit on contagion/non-contagion.]

"The Atmosphere in Relation to Disease." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 351-59. [Mr. Hingeston, Brighton. Essay arguing for a revival of traditional use of sight to interpret clouds and relate to disease. "During the prevalence of cholera, the cirrus cloud is rare; but the cirro-strati, which occupy a lower stratum of the atmosphere, are frequent at noon, and accompany the dun for three or four hours in his meridian height. . . . A calm prevails. Indolent cirro-cumuli lodge of the hills. The distance is dim, and a sticky vapour, charged with small black flies, pervades everything. The barometer stands obstinately at 30 inches, and the wind is from the N.W. or S.E." (357).]

"The Season: Its Diseases and their Prevention." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 366-69. [by B. W. Richardson; grouping of diseases by four seasons between 1838 and 1853 in London, Devon, and Cornwall. Notes "sporadic cases of cholera" are most prevalent in fourth quarter. Very much within the zymotic disease model, presented by "such indefatigable vital philosophers as Dr. Farr" (369).]
Wm. Budd on "Cholera: Its Cause and Prevention." AMJ 3 (1855): 207-08, 283. [listed as 5th and 6th letters on this subject, from Feb and March]

"On the Relations of the Mortality from Cholera in London, to the General Mortality and Temperature." M-C Trans 38 (1855): 101-09.  [by Edward Smith, LRCP, read 27 Feb 1854. "There are, therefore, three separate sets of conditions which it is imperative to bear in mind. First, the anterior and introductory ones of lower temperature, less variation of temperature, and greater humidity of the atmosphere. Second, the concomitant conditions of high temperature, great daily variation, and excessive dryness of the air. Third, the suddenness and the period of the change when the former set of conditions passed into their opposites. This took place, in the two epidemics, in different weeks of the year, but yet in each immediately before their great development, and must, therefore, not be passed over without due consideration" (105).]

 "Nature and probable causes of cholera maligna." LMG 42 (1848): 929-34. [remarks by J. H. James, surgeon to the Devon and Exeter Hospital. "One of the most important questions to be determined is, whether this pestilence is, or is not, infectious. I shall not dispute about terms: nice verbal distinctions are unworthy of such subjects. Is it communicable? whether by breath, contact, fomites, or otherwise? If it is communicable, this question is answered. In this discussion, however, I shall use the terms infectious or contagious as meaning communicable, the least objectionable one, but less commonly in use" (929). Although his conclusion, based on evidence from the Edinburgh Journal for February 1832 and "Dr. Copland's celebrated Dictionary" (930)–HB, take note–is that "the evidence for its being infectious [is] in many instances remarkably strong," he spends much of his paper countering classic anti-contagionist arguments. Has a contingent contagionist dimension: "Circumstances of situation, temperature, and other conditions of the air, aggravate or lessen its violence, but there is no evidence that they produce it. In these respects it agrees with influenza" (931). Believes that there are two "classes" of "infectious and pestilential diseases": invariably malignant (including plague and yellow fever) and varying intensities, from mild to severe (scarlatina, variola–and perhaps cholera). "If the disease is considered infectious, little difficulty will arise from various phenomena (which however explained or inexplicable) it possesses in common with other epidemics. They slumber for a time, then break out with violence, sweep in a particular direction, ravage a large portion of the earth's surface, and subside again for a while" (932). After an assertion that "the Supreme Being" indulges in multiple creations, including "new forms of disease," James notes that "when the seminum has once been produced on the surface of the earth, we must admit that, under certain conditions, it may be preserved indefinitely, and after long intervals renew its work of destruction" (932); cites "virus of the vaccine or small-pox," scarlatina, and thinks that "the semina [of such diseases] can operate at large distances" (933). "If (to sum up the arguments) it be allowed that the cause of cholera is an infection; that this infection is copiously produced from the bodies of the sick; that it may be disseminated to large distances; that the inhabitants of places attacked are liable to be influenced in great numbers, though in very different degrees; that the severe attacks are commonly the result of some powerful occasional cause [?? such as aerial contingency]; that the mild ones have been improperly omitted as instances of the disease; we may explain nearly all the phenomena which have been observed" about cholera (934). (On the latter point, he prophetically points to the infant at 40 Broad Street.) Closing reference to "the inspissated state of the blood. This has been regarded as a cause of the deficient circulation and of the asphyxia [recall JS's remarks at WMS], and it has been attributed to the large separation of the fluid parts of the blood from the alimentary canal . . ." (934). James thinks it possible for cholera to present without diarrhea, but recommends animal experimentation to resolve this. In the meantime, James asserts: "I believe myself that the changes in the blood of cholera patients either depends upon the operation of the poison, which, as it were, curdles it in the vessels, or on the loss of so much of the vital principle as to allow it to approach a state of semicoagulation before death actually occurs" (934).

"On Chloroform in Cholera." Lancet 2 (1848): 551-52. [ltr. in 18 November issue from James Moffat, M.D. Edinburgh, rec. use of chloroform at first appearance of cholera symptoms.]
Medical Society of London–6 November 1848. Lancet 2 (1848): 556. [18 November issue; more discussion of cholera, including use of chloroform.]
Medical Society of London–27 November. LMG 42 (1848): 988. Lancet 2 (1848): 610 [2 December 1848 issue; Clutterbuck offered update on the Peckham Asylum treatments, and discussion followed, including comment by Hird.]

"Asiatic Cholera Successfully Treated by Chloroform." Lancet 1 (1849): 63. [James Moffat, M.D. reports]

"Three lectures on cholera delivered to the students at St. George's Hospital, February 1832," Lancet 1 (1849): 137-41, 165-68, 221-24. [W. F. Chambers, physician to the Queen; has section on contagion vs. miasma, and other suspected causes.]

"On the Question of the Contagion in Cholera." LMG 43 (1849): 141-49. [Daniel Noble, read at Manchester Med Soc in Dec 1848; in issue of 26 Jan.]
Editorial on fomites and cholera. LMG 43 (1849): 199-202. [issue of 2 Feb 1849; disagrees with BoH assertion that cholera is non-contagious. Believes it's done out of "social expediency"–a well-intentioned concern that the victims will be abandoned and population exodus occur. Cites 1846 report of House Assembly of NY on quarantine laws, in which there is reference to Rush's views of yellow fever. Then editorial makes case for fomites as potential for transference of "noxious effluvia," regardless of whether there is any odor attached. "The fact that the cholera poison thus admits of transportation, like the poisons of scarlet fever, yellow fever, or puerperal fever, cannot, in our judgment, admit of any doubt" (201). ]

"Conclusions respecting the Mode of the propagation of cholera in Russia." LMG 43 (1849): 217. [issue of 2 Feb; signature characteristics of contagion, but an epidemic contingency–" In many places the cholera appeared in an epidemic form, without any communication with infected districts, under the influence of general causes, of which we have as yet no satisfactory explanation" (217). Also usual suspects ("low situations," poor ventilation, etc.) as other contingencies.]

"Contagiousness of Cholera–its typhoid form." LMG 43 (1849): 261. [abstract of article from Gazette Médicale, in which Dr. Fourcault describes contagion at the Isle of France in 1829, brought there by a British frigate. Since the "consecutive fever was of the typhoid type," Fourcault distinguished this form of typhoid cholera from Asiatic cholera, which is normally non-contagious. He argues "that cholera is never contagious except when combined with typhus,–a law which, he states, obtains also with regard to yellow fever and plague" (261).

"Cholera at Margate." Lancet 1 (1849): 104-05. [ltr to ed by Jos. Waddington, that cholera is not contagious; "it is impossible any epidemic disease should ever depend on contagion"]

"On the Intestinal Discharges in Cholera." London Journal of Medicine 1 (1849): 134-52. [article by E. A. Parkes, which JS cited at meeting of Royal Med & Chirur Soc the following year; and refers to it in MCC2]

"Pathological Condition of the Blood in Cholera." Lancet 1 (1849): 511-12. [Abstract of paper read by Garrod at 5 May mtg of West Med Soc]

"On the Pathological Condition of the Blood in Cholera." London Journal of Medicine 1 (1849): 409-37. [paper by A. B. Garrod, that JS mentions/cites along with Parkes's paper]

"The Cholera. Abstract of a Notification by the General Board of Health, June 11." Lancet 1 (1849): 675-76.

"Report of a Case of Cholera Treated by Transfusion." Lancet 2 (1849): 71-73.
T. M. Greenhow, "On the Treatment of Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 89-91.

"On the Influence of the Winds; and Apparatus Employed in Meteorological Observations." Lancet 2 (1849): 91-93.

"Analysis of Pamphlets on Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 94-95.
Editorial. Lancet 2 (1849): 97-98. [28 July; critical of BoH]

"Asiatic Cholera Successfully Treated by the Inhalation of Chloroform." Lancet 2 (1849): 121. [Mutrie Fairbrother, M.D.; 4 August issue]
Editorial. Lancet 2 (1849): 128-30. [28 July; critical of BoH]

"On the Production of Cholera by Insufficient Drainage." Lancet 2 (1849): 232-34. [by Alfred Smee, FRS. Doesn't think cholera follows water, citing New River; baffling reasoning]

"South London Medical Society." LMG 44 (1849): 429-33. [mtg at which Dr. Lloyd spoke about effects of impure water; cited by JS in MCC2, 30.]
Editorial on cleansing of sewers, Albion Terrace, and Grant's Report. LMG 44 (1849): 463-65. [14 September; JS reacts to this in ltr to ed on 21 September–"Cholera at Albion Terrace."]

"On the beneficial effects of chloroform in the treatment of cholera." LMG 44 (1849): 479. [ltr from John Davies, M.D.]
Editorial on London water supply. Lancet 2 (1849): 298-99. [15 September]

"Proposed New Society for the Investigation of Cholera and Other Epidemic Diseases." Lancet 2 (1849): 301-02. [15 Sept issue; signed "Pater"]
Review of Thomas Shapter, The History of the Cholera in Exeter, in 1832. London: Churchill, 1849. [8vo., pp. 297] Lancet 2 (1849): 317. [issue of 22 Sept]; LMG 44 (1849): 500-03.

"Treatment of Cholera by Chloroform." Lancet 2 (1849): 327. [dated Sept. Internal use, mixed with "mucilage." In a P.S., the author of this ltr to ed., John Davies (of the book on medical corporations?) mentions that Mr. Brady of Harrow, and others, were generally known to have "used the same remedy successfully in the course of the last winter."]

"Certain Organic Cells Peculiar to the Evacuations of Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 368-71.[by J. G. Swayne from Bristol]

"Alleged Discovery of the Cause of Cholera." Lancet 2 (1849): 371-72. [reprint of a letter to the Times of 26 Sept by William Budd]
College of Physicians and Cholera. Lancet 2 (1849): 375-76. [reprint of the circular of 19 Sep]
Westminster Medical Society. Lancet 2 (1849): 401-04. [at first meeting of session, 6 Oct, Dr. Webster delivered a paper, "Observations of the Health of the Metropolis during the last six months, more especially in reference to the recent epidemic of cholera." Mention is made of pure water (but not JS's hypothesis) and of the fungi theory of Brittan. Comment by Lankester; none by JS.]

"The Vitality of Choleraic Fungi." Lancet 2 (1849): 427-28, 451-53, 556-58, ??. [by Mr. John Grove]
Editorial on need for pure water, etc. Lancet 2 (1849): 435. [sanitarian]
Editorial. LMG 44 (1849): 672-75. [applauds action of the Sanitary Committee of Nottingham; features the provision of "the almost unlimited supply of wholesome filtered water, obtained from the river Trent, and copious springs in the neighborhood" (672); cited by JS in PMCC, 926.]
Editorial on need to compile evidence on treatment of cholera. Lancet 2 (1849): 435-36.
Review of W. Budd, Malignant Cholera: its Mode of Propagation, and its Prevention. LMG 44 (1849): 720-21.

"On the Propagation of Cholera by Contagion." LMG 44 (1849): 752-55. [favors progress of cholera by contagion. "This word is used in its ordinary sense, as including both contagion and infection, strictly so called" (752).

"Further Remarks on the Proposed New Society for the Investigation of Cholera and Other Epidemic Diseases." Lancet 2 (1849): 592.[signed J. H. Tucker, 17 Nov]

"Cholera Contagious." MT 21 (1850): 99. [report from Acad. Med in Paris that a M. Pellarin presented a case of transmission via clothing, esp a mattress on which an infected person had slept]

"On the fungoid and animalcular theories of epidemic diseases." MT 21 (1850): 293-94. [Ayres reviews three hypotheses and then refutes them]

"The Cholera and the Districts of the Metropolis." MT 21 (1850): 170. [issue of 2 March, with ref to diagram in the weekly return that compares altitude levels and water supply of housing on the two sides of the Thames, including statement that southern side has water chiefly drawn from below Battersea]

"Chemical Researches on the Nature and Cause of Cholera." M-CTrans 33 (1849-50): 67-98. [Robert Dundas Thomson, Master in Surgery and lecturer on chemistry, U of Glascow; read by Benj. Brodie on 12 March 1850. "The results of the chemical investigation of this disease have led to the conclusion, that spasmodic cholera is divisible into three stages:–1. The laxative stage (stage of invasion of Annesley, diarrhœal stage of Dr. A. Buchanan), which appears analogous to common laxity of the bowels, depending probably on the transference of diffusion of water from the blood to the mucous membrane of the intestinal canal. 2. The lymphatic stage (leucorrhœal of Dr. A. Buchanan, second or advanced stage of Annesley, collapse stage of others), characterized by rice-water dejections, the composition of which more nearly resembles the lymphatic fluids secreted in many diseases into serous cavities than any other animale fluids with which we are acquainted. 3. The biliary stage (included in the second stage of Annesley, and identical with the cholerrhœal stage of Dr. Buchanan; stage of reaction of others), characterized by the return of bile to the intestinal canal, and the setting in generally [sic] of smart febrile symptoms" (68).  After presenting results of various chemical tests on blood, lymphatic fluid, stool, the conclusions follow: "1. That the incipient stage of cholera does not differ materially from the common forms of diarrhœa, inasmuch as its treatment is successfully managed by similar means; and this result may lead to the inquiry [hypothesis],–does not the removal of the symptoms of the disease by narcotics, and, therefore, the retention of the fluids in the system, afford an argument against the idea of a morbid poison being the cause of cholera? 2. That in the second stage of cholera, a lymphatic fluid is diffused from the blood into the intestinal canal, corresponding exactly in chemical composition with that secreted or diffused through the serous membranes in hydrocele and hydrocephalus, and other forms of dropsy. Compared with healthy blood, it appears, that the salt which has diffused most largely into the intestines, is common salt, while the albumen of the blood possesses this power of transference generally in a very limited degree. The facts seem to show, that in this stage, instead of as in the natural state, the diffusive power of the mucous membrane being exerted from the intestines towards the blood, the reverse action occurs; thus pointing to a parallelism with purely physical phenomena. Conjoined with other characters, they supply an argument for the inquiry,–May not cholera be an epidemic intestinal catarrh, influenza being an epidemic respiratory catarrh? [O.E.D.: def #3, "Inflammation of a mucous membrane; usually restricted to that of the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes . . .  constituting a common ‘cold.' Often with a qualifying word, as alcoholic, bronchial, chronic, gastric, uterine catarrh; epidemic catarrh, influenza; summer catarrh, hay-asthma." Example that makes influenza and epidemic catarrh is from 1831/47.] 3. In the third stage the lymphatic fluid ceases to be poured out from the blood. The bile is excreted, and the normal diffusion from the intestines to the blood resumes its action. 4. There is no evidence of the existence of any organic body in the atmosphere during the prevalence of cholera, and hence the inquiry is suggested,–May not this and parallel diseases which are not contagious, such as ague, be principally due to meteorological and physical influences, acting on debilitated habits [predisposing causes], and thus a distinction be established between them and contagious affections produced by morbid poisons, as typified by small-pox? (97-98).]

"The Cholera in Plymouth and its Neighborhood in 1849." MT 22 (1850): 116-17, 195-97, 453-55. [by Dr. Roe]

"Epidemiological Society." MT 22 (1850): 132-33. [founding meeting; JS not among first list of officers]

"The Locality of Cholera in St. Giles's in 1832 and 1849." MT 22 (1850): 138-39. [Dr. King]

"The Epidemic of 1849 illustrated by St. Giles's, and suggestive of the gaseous origin of cholera." Med. Times 22 (1850): 197-200. [by Dr. King]
Review of Report of the General Board of Health on the Epidemic Cholera in 1848 and 1849.  Med. Times 22 (1850): 315-17.
Review of Arthur Hassall, Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Body. MT 2 (1851): 44-47.
Review of John Grove, Epidemics Examined and Explained, or Living Germs proved by Analogy to be a Source of Disease. LJM 3 (1851): 54-56.
Review of Thomas Wright, Cholera In the Asylum. LJM 3 (1851): 56-57. [use of statistics]

"On the Infectious Origin and Propagation of Cholera." MT 2 (1851): 506-10; 648-51; 666-71. [printing of paper by Bryson, probably the one read at Epi Soc on 6 January]

"On the Propagation of Yellow Fever by Cholera." LMG 47 (1851): 866-68. [Dr. McWilliam at meeting of Epidemiological Society, 5 May]

"Medical Topography of London." MT 3 (1851): 64-65.

"Water Supply for the Metropolis." MT 3 (1851): 70-71. [editorial, 19 July]

"Prevention of Cholera: A Governmental Duty." MT 3 (1851): 100-01. [editorial, 26 July]

"Water Supply for the Metropolis." MT 3 (1851): 128-29. [editorial, 2 August]

"The Cholera in Plymouth and Its Neighbourhood, in 1849." MT 3 (1851): 194-97. [article by Roe; use of a map]

"Metropolitan Water Supply." MT 3 (1851): 260-61. [editorial, 6 Sept]
MSL. "Special Meeting. Resolutions against Homœopathy." MT 3 (1851): 417-19. [issue of 18 October; no mention of JS.]

"Medical Society of London." MT 3 (1851): 409-10. [editorial about its financial problems, 18 October]

"Vaccination and Smallpox." LMG 47 (1851): 868. [questions issued by the society]

"Asiatic Cholera in Jamaica." LMG 48 (1851): 1079-81. [paper read by Dr. Milroy at meeting of the Epidemiological Society, 1 December]

"Lateral depression of the left thoracic wall . . ." LMG 48 (1851): 1110-11. [paper read by B. W. Richardson at Medical Society of London]

"The March of Death in St. Giles." MT 3 (1851): 145-50;274-77;660-63. [articles by Dr. King; contains mapping of occurrences]
Epidemiological Society. LJM 4 (1852): 292-95. [meetings on 5 Jan, on treatment during 1849 cholera, and 2 Feb, on dysentery in China]

"Epidemic, Endemic, and Infectious Diseases." MTG 4 (1852): 62-65. [issue of 17 January]

"Dr. Davey and Mesmerism . . ." MTG 4 (1852): 87-89. [editorial]

"Water Supply for the Metropolis." MTG 4 (1852): 163-64. [editorial, Saturday 14 Feb]

"Death by Chloroform." MTG 4 (1852): 293-94. [editorial, issue of 20 March]

"The Administration of Chloroform in Public Hospitals." MTG 4 (1852): 345-46. [editorial; also one on "Bitter Beer"]
Epidemiological Society. MTG 4 (1852): 477-78. [report on committees]
Observations on "Second Report on Quarantine" by BoH. MTG 4 (1852): 511-15; 540-45.

"The Board of Health and Yellow Fever." MTG 4 (1852): 567-68. [editorial, critical of inaction by newly established BoH.]

"New Board of Midwifery at the College of Surgeons." MTG 4 (1852): 622. ["what long remained only an art, has latterly, through the application of physiology, risen into the position of a science"]

"On the recent Death from Chloroform." MTG 4 (1852): 587-89. [by J. Chitty Clendon, Surgeon-Dentist to Westminster Hospital]

"On the Propagation of Yellow Fever by Contagion." MTG 4 (1852): 640-41. [paper by A. Bryson]

"Deaths in the Metropolis." MTG 6 (1853): 52 [the weekly breakdown, including the category for "zymotic (or epidemic, endemic, and contagious) diseases"]; 102 [table of mortality, that includes columns on weather and meteorology]

"Sanitary Movement." MTG 6 (1853): 92-93. [editorial; refers to 1849 cholera epidemic]

"Death from the Inhalation of Chloroform during Surgical Operations." AMJ 1 (11 February 1853): 131-34.

"On the influence of noxious effluvia on the origin and propagation of epidemic diseases." MTG 6 (1853): 227-29. [paper read by Mr. Grainger at meeting of the Epidemiology Society in Feb.]
Review of Thomas Shapter, Sanitary Measures and their Results; being a Sequel to "The History of Cholera in Exeter in 1832, 32 pp., Churchill, 1853. MTG 6 (1853): 298-99.
Editorial. Lancet 1 (1853): 453. [condemns use of chloroform in "perfectly ordinary labour," such as Queen Victoria's accouchement that resulted in birth of Prince Leopold on 7 April, due to unnecessary danger that might be incurred from an agent that has "indisputably . . . poisonous action." But considers chloroform of "immense importance in surgical operations."]

"General Board of Health and the Croydon Fever." MTG 7 (1853): 93-94. [23 July editorial, critical of BoH for not doing enough about sanitary reform.]

"Cholera Progress." MTG 7 (1853): 195-96. [editorial of 20 August, noting that cholera is in Copenhagen and rec. restrictions on vessels coming from infected places.]

"Cholera and the Board of Health." MTG 7 (1853): 271-73. [editorial of 10 September, critical of BoH for not dealing with sanitary measures that would reduce its spread; analysis of Weekly Returns which indicate effluvia as cause of cholera.]

"The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 329-31. [24 September; order in council and GBoH notification]

"On the Admission of Cholera Patients into Public Hospitals." MTG 7 (1853): 331-33. [ltr from Babington, pres of Epi Soc, to Milroy, chairman of Cholera Cte.]

"The Cholera. Directions and Regulations of the General Board of Health." MTG 7 (1853): 354-56.

"Treatment of Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 375-76. [editorial of 8 October]

"The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 400-01. [seems to be an editorial, of 15 October; discusses "some important laws of cholera in relation to the seasons . . ."]

"Quinine in Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 407. [ltr to ed., 9 Oct, from E. A. Parkes]

"Medical Officers of Health." MTG 7 (1853): 424-25. [editorial of 22 Oct, critical of the "false theory of the" GBoH with respect to cholera]

"The Cholera. The Laws of Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 429-30. [editorial of 22 October. "The Thames and its tributaries furnish all the illustrations it will be necessary to present for the purpose of showing the inseparable connexion between polluted waters and the plentiful diffusion of choleraic poison."]

"The Cholera and the Drainage of London." MTG 7 (1853): 455. [editorial of 29 October]

"Clergy versus Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 480-81. [editorial of 5 Nov, indicating active work by clergymen in behalf of sanitary reform, but institutional lethargy]

"The Epidemiological Society and Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 504-06. [editorial of 12 Nov; lists questions one should ask "regarding the origin, propagation, pathology, and treatment of epidemic cholera"]

"Report of the Registrar-General for the Quarter ending September, 1853." MTG 7 (1853): 506-08.

"Cholera and the Water Supply." MTG 7 (1853): 535-36. [extracts from paper read at Pathological Soc of Newcastle, 27 October, about Newcastle's water supply; in 19 November issue]

"Cholera and the London Water Supply." MTG 7 (1853): 558-59. [editorial of 26 Nov, with citations from Farr's Supplement to the Weekly Return, and a table]

 "The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 583. [editorial of 3 Dec, commenting favorably on Dr. Macloughlin's researches on premonitory diarrhœa and cholera]

"The Cholera." MTG 7 (1853): 606-08; 632-35 [editorials of 10 Dec, commenting on Dr. Mac again and also printing "Extracts from Mr. Simon's Report" on London sanitation; second extract from Simon includes discussion of "London Pump-Water"]

"Report of the Outbreak of Cholera in the Borough Gaol of Newcastle-on-Tyne." MTG 7 (1853): 627-28. [by Greenhow, in 17 Dec. issue]
Review of Wm Stevens, Observations on the Nature and Treatment of the Asiatic Cholera. Lancet [?? (1853?): ?. [rejection of author's argument in behalf of the saline treatment]

"The London Water Supply and the Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 42. [editorial of 14 January]

"Mode of Communication." MTG 8 (1854): 303. [phrase is used in an article about a case of equina]

"Propagation of Asiatic cholera by human intercourse." MTG 8 (1854): 374-75, 427-30. [paper read in Newcastle in January by Edw. Charlton.]

"Some Important Facts Regarding Cholera." The Lancet 1 (1854) :69. [issue of 21 January; brief note by John Forlonge form Antigua, explaining how the ship Glenmenna brought cholera to Nevis, and seems to constitute an experimentum crucis that cholera is contagious–although "the profession here are almost to a man non-contagionists]

"Cholera and Premonitory Diarrhœa." MTG 8 (1854): 269-70. [ltr by Dr. Macloughlin, in 18 Feb issue, argues that there is a short period between the first attack of diarrhœa.and the onset of the cramps associated with cholera when medical intervention can be effective. That is, there are premonitory symptoms of cholera]

"The London Water Supply and the Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 88-89. [editorial of 28 January]

"Statistics of the Cases of the Cholera Epidemic, 1853, Treated at the Newcastle Dispensary." MTG 8 (1854): 106-08, 129-31, 182-83. [J. S. Pearse and Jeffery A. Marston; "Dr. Snow thinks, that the introduction of some of the excretions into the system may propagate the disorder; hence we may here incidentally mention, that one of the dispensers drank (by mistake) some rice-water evacuations, without any injurious effects whatever" (182).

"The London Water Supply and the Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 137. [editorial of 11 February]

"Clinical Notes on Cholera." AMJ (1854): 216-22; 330-35; 347-53; 410-14; 527-31; 670-76; 834-41; 896-900; 967-71; 1110-20. [written by W. Lauder Lindsay, M.D., late Resident Physician at the Surgeons' Square Cholera Hosp, Edinburgh; serialized between 10 March and 15 December 1854]

"Is Cholera Contagious?" The Lancet 1 (1854): 310. [issue of 18 March; extract from Dr. Baly's Report on Cholera, stating that evidence on contagiousness of cholera remains inconclusive]

"Gay versus Wakley." MTG 8 (1854): 293-94. [editorial, excoriating Wakley and the Lancet for engineering a dismissal of Mr. Gay from the Royal Free Hospital, allegedly because he wrote for a rival journal.]

"The New Nursing Scheme." MTG 8 (1854): 380-81. [editorial of 15 April, endorsing recommendations in a paper at 3 April mtg of the Epi Soc for the Poor Law Unions to employ eligible individuals in the Workhouses to serve as nurses for the laboring classes; to implement this scheme would "be in accordance with those [principles] of sound Political Economy, of scientific Medicine, and practical Christianity" (381). JS had endorsed this scheme at the meeting of the Epi Soc, esp. because it would improve the cleanliness in homes of the poor]

"The Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 408-09. [ed of 22 April, noting appearance of two cases of cholera and bemoaning how little in the way of prevention is undertaken by various authorities (including the BoH. Advocates govt relief for the poor and various measures such as cleansing streets, etc. Other than "the utility of fresh air and pure water" there is no specific endorsement of JS's theory or recommendations.]

"Cholera, its Nature and Treatment." The Lancet 1 (1854): 600. [issue of  3 June; brief review of Hassall's pamphlet.

"Saline Treatment of Cholera." MTG 8 (1854): 580. [ltr that gives synopsis of seven cases]

"Presence of Certain Crystalline Fatty Bodies in the Vomit of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 10-11. [abstract of paper by W. L. Lindsay, Edinburgh; 1 July issue]

"Proposed Draining of the Plumstead Marshes." MTG 9 (1854): 16-17. [editorial, 1 July, urging draining of marshes to improve sanitary condition of inhabitants]

"General Board of Health." MTG 9 (1854): 140-41. [editorial of 5 August about the proposed new Board]

"Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 149-50. [report on its progress; issue of 5 August]

"Health of the Baltic Fleet." MTG 9 (1854): 152. [short notice, which JS then cites in his ltr to ed. of 5 August, which appeared under "Cholera in the Baltic Fleet." MTG 9 (1854): 170.]

"On the Treatment of Cholera and Choleraic Diarrhœa." MTG 9 (1854): 169-70. [ltr to ed by Fuller; issue of 12 August]

"On the Treatment of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 234-38. [article by Headlam Greenhow; issue of 2 Sept]

"Cholera and the Union Surgeons." MTG 9 (1854): 243. [editorial, 2 Sept]

"Treatment of Cholera by Castor Oil." MTG 9 (1854): 271-72. [ltr to ed by Geo. Johnson; one of many]

List of Scientific Societies in London. MTG 9 (1854): 307.

"The Cholera and the Board of Health," and "St. Pancras Vestry and the Present Epidemic." MTG 9 (1854): 320-21. [editorials, 23 Sept]

"Cholera in the Black Sea Fleet." MTG 9 (1854): 350-51. [Ltr from unnamed surgeon in fleet, passed along to MTG by John Veitch in 30 August issue. Cited by JS in MCC2 , 36.]

"Cholera in St. James." MTG 9 (1854): 351. [ltr to editor by A. P. Stewart, dated 27 Sept; issue of 30 Sept]

"Cholera in the Middlesex Hospital." MTG 9 (1854): 363-65. [article by Stewart]

"The ‘Times' and Castor Oil" and "Homœopathy and the Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 373-74. [editorials in 7 October issue]

"Water Supply of London and Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 427-28. [issue of 21 October, extract from what may be Reg-Gen report, but mentions Mr. Glaisher; cf. 1849 and part of 1854; "The impure water of the Thames is still supplied by the Southwark Company. . . and the deaths by cholera are already more numerous than they were in 1849; while in the parish of Lambeth Company, the mortality is much lower than it was in 1849." "The pipes of the two Companies which were once in active competition often run down the same streets, and through the same sub-districts, so that alternate streets or houses in the same sub-districts are supplied with the pure and the impure water." etc]

"Influence of the Waters of London on the Mortality of Cholera." AMJ (1854): 983-84. [extracts from Reg-Gen Rpt of 14 October]
Medical Society of London. MTG 9 (1854): 452-53. [discussion at 21 Oct mtg about cholera, with Richardson beginning with ref to Buchanan's exp on injecting water into cellular tissue of cholera victims; Lankester makes reference to Snow's investigation of Br. St, but that his theory is vitiated by a solid [sic] brick lining of the well; shows himself to be an effluvialist.]

"On the Nature of Cholera and the Principles of Its Treatment." MTG 9 (1854): 461-63. [article by Sadler; issue of 4 Nov]
Epidemiological Society. MTG 9 (1854): 511-13. [Babington's address about cholera, at 1st mtg of new session; issue of 18 Nov]

"Etiology of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 515. [trans of ltr from Liebig; 18 Nov issue]

"Discussion of Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 550-51. [abstract of discussion about cholera in Munich, mentioned by Liebig in prior issue; 25 Nov issue]

"Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 575. [abstracts from foreign journals, with references to Pettenkofer and Thiersch; 2 Dec issue.]

"Proposed Remedies for Cholera." MTG 9 (1854): 576-77. [anonymous ltr to ed]

"Results of the Cholera Epidemic–1854." MTG 9 (1854): 650-52. [in 23 Dec issue, extracts from Reg-Gen report; mentions elevation of soil, temperature, and water supply; comes down heavily on Southwark Co]

"On the cholera in Tynemouth in 1831-2, 1848-9, & 1853." Lancet 1 (1855): 217-18; MTG 10 (1855): 194. [paper read by Headlam Greenhow at 5 Feb meeting of the Epidemiological Society. Milroy and JS reply, the latter saying that Greenhow's remarks support his own theory, even though Greenhow does not recognize it. Original paper published in Transactions of the Epidemiological Society, JPH&SR 1 (1855): 24-50.]

"Chronological Survey of the Epidemics of Europe and Western Asia, Previous to the Era of Hippocrates." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 41ff. ["Epidemic diseases . . . prove how thoroughly the sum of organic life is subject to the great powers of nature, and how extensively all organised bodies are liable, from causes as dissimilar as they are numerous, to change and decay" (41-42). "Epidemic diseases, being essentially acute, and running rapidly through their stages, require not only that we should be prepared promptly to relieve those who are attacked, but also that we should be enabled by prophylactic measures to prevent the healthy from being affected. The knowledge, necessary for the accomplishment of this object, can only be acquired by an unprejudiced investigation of the atmospheric influences resulting from meteorological changes; of the endless variety in the circumstances of social life; and, in short, of all that is known of the laws by which epidemic visitations are governed, the causes whence they arise, and the conditions under which they are propagated" (42).

"Parliament Bills and Returns. III. Metropolis Water." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 83-85. [Daily supply of water in 1853 by nine water cos. "The main proportion of this water is derived from the Thames. . . . It would seem . . . that the Thames, after all, is the only safe source of supply as regards quantity, and that a more correct application of the engineer's and chemist's knowledge would speedily render this supply equally safe in respect to quality" (84-85).]

"Sanitary Condition of Lambeth Square and the Surrounding Districts." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 178-79. [abstract of report dated 11 October 1854 to GBH by Dr. D. Fraser, Superintending Medical Inspector. "This district is partly supplied by the Vauxhall Water Company, and the water is of a poisonous character, full of dirt and animal matter; many of the water-butts are kept in such a bad state, and placed so near the privies, as to render the water unfit for drinking use" (179).]

"Report of the Committee for Scientific Inquiries of the Medical Council of the General Board of Health, in relation to the Cholera Epidemic of 1854." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 318. ["Meteorological observations accord well with the view that the channel of cholera poison is the lungs." Dismiss JS's "exclusive theory." Fence-sit on contagion/non-contagion.]

"The Atmosphere in Relation to Disease." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 351-59. [Mr. Hingeston, Brighton. Essay arguing for a revival of traditional use of sight to interpret clouds and relate to disease. "During the prevalence of cholera, the cirrus cloud is rare; but the cirro-strati, which occupy a lower stratum of the atmosphere, are frequent at noon, and accompany the dun for three or four hours in his meridian height. . . . A calm prevails. Indolent cirro-cumuli lodge of the hills. The distance is dim, and a sticky vapour, charged with small black flies, pervades everything. The barometer stands obstinately at 30 inches, and the wind is from the N.W. or S.E." (357).]

"The Season: Its Diseases and their Prevention." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 366-69. [by B. W. Richardson; grouping of diseases by four seasons between 1838 and 1853 in London, Devon, and Cornwall. Notes "sporadic cases of cholera" are most prevalent in fourth quarter. Very much within the zymotic disease model, presented by "such indefatigable vital philosophers as Dr. Farr" (369).]
Wm. Budd on "Cholera: Its Cause and Prevention." AMJ 3 (1855): 207-08, 283. [listed as 5th and 6th letters on this subject, from Feb and March]

"On the Relations of the Mortality from Cholera in London, to the General Mortality and Temperature." M-C Trans 38 (1855): 101-09.  [by Edward Smith, LRCP, read 27 Feb 1854. "There are, therefore, three separate sets of conditions which it is imperative to bear in mind. First, the anterior and introductory ones of lower temperature, less variation of temperature, and greater humidity of the atmosphere. Second, the concomitant conditions of high temperature, great daily variation, and excessive dryness of the air. Third, the suddenness and the period of the change when the former set of conditions passed into their opposites. This took place, in the two epidemics, in different weeks of the year, but yet in each immediately before their great development, and must, therefore, not be passed over without due consideration" (105).]

"Report on Cholera in the Metropolis." AMJ 3 (1855): 390-94. [abstract of Sutherland's report, attached to GBH's ltr to Viscount Palmerston.]

"Sanitary Legislation." AMJ 3 (1855): 433-35, 460-62, 526-28. [articles on GBH, responses to cholera, etc.]
Review of Report of the "Treatment Committee" of the Board of Health on the Different Methods of Treatment in Epidemic Cholera. MTG 10 (1855): 416-17.

"Cholera Returns of the Board of Health." MTG 10 (1855): 528-29. [anon ltr to ed, expressing confusion about the various terms used in different stages of cholera and unhappy with the BoH's report]
Editorial. Lancet 1 (1855): 634-35. [editorial in issue of Saturday 23 June; ridicules the Bone and Stench interest who opposes regulations on various trades that produce effluvia; ridicules JS's testimony before the Cte as pseudo-science because he relies on theory instead of obvious empirical evidence. Not entirely dismissive of his water-borne theory of cholera, just that it overreaches with a claim of an exclusive explanation.]

"The Public Health Bill." MTG 11 (1855): 12-13. [editorial of 7 July that regretfully must criticize JS's testimony before the Par. Cte on Public Health and Nuisances' Removal]

"The Public Health Bills." MTG 11 (1855): 40-41. [editorial of 14 July supporting Farr's conclusion that 17/1000 should be the ratio of deaths at which the Public Health Act of 1848 comes into force in a compulsory manner]
Epidemiological Society. MTG 11 (1855): 223-24; AMJ 3 (1855): 872-73. [mtg of 6 August, with JS in chair. Paper on cholera in Frankfort a. Main; paper on premonitory diarrhœa and cholera; original, "On the Premonitory Diarrhœa of Cholera," by George Todd, in Transactions, JPH&SR 1 (1855): 72-82.]
Review of GBH "Report on the Results of the Different Methods of Treatment pursued in the Epidemic Cholera . . . in 1854." MTG 11 (1855): 422-23.

"The Cholera at Eastbourne in 1854." MTG 11 (1855): 453-54. [T.F. Sanger's miasmatic explanation for outbreak there; "I did not in any case detect any impurity in the water drunk"]

"The Cholera Epidemic of 1854: An Useful Blue-Book at Last." AMJ 3 (1855): 977-78. [editorial of 26 October; endorsement of Report of the Com. For Scientific Inquiries; ascribes epidemics to "poisonous vapours emanating from the Plumstead marshes, and from the polluted Thames" that drifted over low-lying Lambeth and into culs-de-sac in Golden Square.]

"Cholera–Water Supply." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 396. [notice of publication of CIC's Report: "they have agreed to the opinion that by far the most probable cause of the outbreak of cholera in St. James, was the drinking of impure water, derived from the Broad-street pump, of cholera notoriety. This, as most of our readers are aware, was Dr. Snow's original hypothesis. (Para) The labours of the Rev. Mr. Whitehead in this extended inquiry are beyond all praise."]

"The Cholera Epidemic of 1854." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 397-99. [Notice of pub of Report of the CSI of the GBH, with extracts from Dr. Thomson on atmosphere in a cholera ward and Hassall on water supply and pathology of cholera ("rice water discharge, which even while enclosed in the intestines, swarmed with vibriones, the presence of which exhibits at least a proneness to rapid decomposition" (399).]

"The Propagation of Cholera." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 402-03. ["The theory first advanced by Dr. Snow regarding the mode of propagation of cholera is, with certain modifications, the value of which has been already discussed in this Journal (Richardson's review??), becoming very widely known and accepted" (402). Then mentions Alison in Edinburgh and gives abstract of Pettenkofer's Mode de Propagation du Cholera on the 1854 epidemic in Bavaria.]
Epidemiological Society. AMJ 3 (1855): 1041. [mtg of 5 Nov, with address by Grainger on sanitary science, esp. noxious effects of effluvia on public health.]

"Reports on the Water Supply of London." JPH&SR 1 (1855): 420-21. ["London water is no longer directly contaminated with London sewage, the companies having obtained their supplies from a point above Kingston-on-Thames" (420). Then proceed with an inorganic analysis of West Middlesex Co water.]

"On the Premonitory Diarrhœa of Cholera."  JPH&SR 1 (1855), Transactions, 72-82. [by George Todd, Surgeon, West Auckland. "It appears to me, that cholera is the result of a poison acting on the organism, and more particularly on the sympathetic system of the nerves, in the same manner as that which produces remittent and continued fever, differing only in degree. . . . The excessive diarrhœa is but an effort of nature to eliminate the poison and its effects" (81).]

"An Epitome of Certain Views on Epidemics or Contagion."  JPH&SR 1 (1855): 96-97. [Trans of cover letter from Dr. Riecke, Prussia, accompanying five volumes he's written. Anti-contagionist, with contingent contagion in limited situations.]

"The Sanitary Charter." MTG 12 (1856): 12. [editorial of 5 Jan, with five recommended points]

"Appointments for the Week." MTG 12 (1856): 26. [weekly feature, listing meetings of various societies, etc.]

 Review of Digestion and its Derangements: the Principles of Rational Medicine applied to Disorders of the Alimentary Canal, by Thomas K. Chambers, M.D. MTG 12 (1856): 94.

"Miasmatic and Contagious Diseases." EMJ 1 (1856): 657; AMJ 4 (1856): 71. [Abstract from article by Mühry in Henle's Zeitsch. für Rationelle Medecin, reprinted by AMJ; cholera is not mentioned.]

"On the Prevention of the Spread of Cholera."  MTG 12 (1856): 265. [by Kuchenmeister]
Review of Southwood Smith's Epidemics, considered with relation . . . ."  MTG 12 (1856): 287.

"On death by chloroform."  MTG 12 (1856): 310-11. [by Sr. Symonds, read at 21 Feb meeting of Harveian Soc; "Dr. Snow, the most philosophical and skilful investigator of chloroform, after its immortal discoverer, Dr. Simpson"]

"London Air and London Streets."  MTG 12 (1856): 336-37. [editorial of 5 April]

"General Natural History." MTG 12 (1856): 429-32. [first of many lectures by T. H. Huxley, which carry into next volume]           
Review of Memoir on the Cholera at Oxford in the Year 1854, by H. W. Acland. MTG 12 (1856): 606-07. [lines up with Farr's correlations between altitude and mortality]

"Impure Water a Source of Disease." MTG 13 (1856): 15-16. [ed of 5 July, referring to Simon's report on cholera and impure water in 1854. Rehearses conclusions that support MCC2, but eds. refrain from complete endorsement of Snow's "hypothetical views" because they believe that miasma must be a co-factor.]

"On the Principles of Inductive Philosophy as applied to the Study of Epidemics." JPH&SR 2 (1856), Transactions 87. [paper by Richardson, read at Monday 7 July meeting of Epi Soc.]

"Drainage Difficulties." MTG 13 (1856): 65-66. [editorial of 19 July; "the whole common sense of the country is now aroused to the filthiness of polluting the streams by town sewage."]
Review of Journal of Public Health. MTG 13 (1856): 68. [notes that this is the official organ of the Epi Soc, edited by BWRichardson. 6th no. now out. Transactions of soc published within each number of Journal.]

"On Cholera in the Mauritius in 1854." MTG 13 (1856): 138-42. [extract of report by Dr. George Clerihew that shows state of thinking after Snow's MCC2.]

"General use of chloroform." MTG 13 (1856): 376-78. [issue of 11 Oct.; abstract of paper read by Dr. McLeod at 1 May meeting of Crimean Med and Surg. Soc]

"Effect of Chloroform." MTG 13 (1856): 412-14, 436-38. [article by James Arnott; issues of 25 October and 1 Nov]
Sewage difficulties. MTG 13 (1856): 418-19. [ed of 25 Oct, about waste of time on stemming flow of sewage into the Thames]

"The Lancet Sanitary Commission."  JPH&SR 2 (1856): 29. [editorial on the Wakley-Hassall dispute regarding who should receive a testimonial for study on adulteration of food, commissioned by Wakley but conducted largely by Hassall.]

"On the Hygienic Treatment of Pulmonary Consumption."  JPH&SR 2 (1856): 258-86. [essay by Richardson. "We have learned to appreciate the true value of hygienic principles in the prevention of various diseases, especially those of the epidemic type" (258).]

"The Water Supply of London."  JPH&SR 2 (1856): 391-92. [notes that of the 9 cos that supply London in 1856, 5 still derive supply from the Thames. But sources have been moved, and amount of organic matter in water of all cos is diminished when compared with 1851 supply.]
Metropolitan Water Supply. MTG 13 (1856): 533. [brief report on organic matter/water company]
Dr. Snow and amylene. MTG 13 (1856): 624. [20 Dec issue; brief editorial note about JS's use of amylene the prior Saturday, with favorable results; less pungent than chloroform]

"On the Territorial Distribution of the Population, for the Purposes of Sanitary Inquiry and Social Economy." JPH&SR 2 (1856): 225ff. [essay by Henry W. Rumsey, that discusses Poor-Law Unions and other administrative districting policies.]
Editorial. MTG 14 (1857): 68. [17 Jan issue; notes interest in JS's presentation on amylene at MSL "last Saturday"]

"On the distinction between miasmatic and contagious diseases." MTG 14 (1857): 72. [17 Jan issue; selection by Dr. Muhry from a German periodical]

"Amylene." MTG 14 (1857): 124. [ltr to ed., 31 Jan issue, on use of Snow's inhaler at Bart's]

"Administration of Chloroform was Fatal." MTG 14 (1857): 236-37. [7 March issue; report by James Paget]

"Causes that render the heart susceptible to the influences of chloroform." MTG 14 (1857): 321-23. [28 March issue; ltr to ed by J. R. Pretty, who takes issue with Snow's piece in prior issue]
Editorial notice. MTG 14 (1857): 391. [issue of 18 April; describes birth of princess on Tuesday, with JS administering chloroform to the Queen]

"On the relations of food and disease." MTG 14 (1857): 392-94, 417-19.

"Statistics of amputations performed under chloroform." MTG 14 (1857): 403-04. [25 April issue; James Arnott]

"Mortality from chloroform." MTG 14 (1857): 495-96. [16 May issue; ltr to ed by Arnott. Arnott's article on statistics generated a number of letters, pro and con his views. Not all are copied.]
Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society–epilepsy. MTG 14 (1857): 524-26. [meeting of 12 May; JS commented on paper by Dr. Sieveking]
Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. Lancet 1 (1857): 527-29. [at 11 May meeting of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, JS comments on a paper analyzing cases of epilepsy that he conducted experiments using tar vapours on guinea pigs and white mice that resulted in seizures.]
Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. Lancet 1 (1857): 604. [JS comments on use of chloroform and sulphuric ether in patients suffering eye inflammations. Richardson concurs.]
Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. Lancet 1 (1857): 631-33; MTG 14 (1857): 601-03. [at 26 May meeting, JS comments on chloroform; in another paper, he comments on prisoners' diet, recommending mutton and beef for those who have to undertake strenuous labor on analogy with diet of navigators.]

"Statistical inquiry into the effects of chloroform." MTG 14 (1857): 559-61, 641-44. [by Samuel Fenwick, M.D. from Newcastle College of Medicine; issues of 6 & 27 June]

"Comparative effects of amylene and chloroform in the same person." MTG 14 (1857): 563.            Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society–annual meeting. MTG 14 (1857): 249-51. [mtg on 2 March; JS elected as a member of Council]           

"Statistical Inquiry into the effects of chloroform on certain operations." MTG 15 (1857): 17-18. [4 July; by James Arnott]

"Discussion on chloroform at the Paris Academy of Medicine." MTG 15 (1857): 94-96,149-51. [selections from foreign journals, 25 July and 8 August]

            "Death from Chloroform." MTG 15 (1857): 171. [issue of 15 Aug.; mentions use of Snow's inhaler]

"Sanitary Self-Government." MTG 15 (1857): 196-97. [editorial, 22 August; sanitarian perspective in urging Parliament to check, "by all known means, the spread of disease by the removal of nuisances . . . . it is better to destroy the germs of disease, which are always too thickly sown among our crowded population, than to attack the hydra-headed monster of Cholera or Typhus when it has stalked over the length and breadth of the land  . . ." (197).

"Amylene condemned at the Académie de Médecine." MTG 15 (1857): 228-29. [issue of 29 August; reference to "Dr. Snow's last accident . . . ."]

"Professional responsibility of administering chloroform." MTG 15 (1857): 292-93. [19 Sept. issue; refers to Paris discussion, but no mention of JS that I could find]

"Contagion of Typhus Fever." MTG 15 (1857): 349-50. ["specific contagion"]

"Identity of British and Asiatic Cholera." MTG 15 (1857): 448-50. 31 Oct issue; W. Lauder Lindsay, from Perth]

"Notice of cholera at West Ham." MTG 15 (1857): 457. [31 Oct issue, the one after JS's article appeared; extracts from Weekly return, with belief that it and two other locations "were occasioned by the use of impure pump-water at the seat of the outbreak."]

"Premonitory symptoms in cholera." MTG 15 (1857): 514-15.
London Water. MTG 16 (1858): 207. [Feb number, on impurities found]
Epidemiological Society. MTG 16 (1858): 305-06. [meeting of March 1; Dr. Greenhow in chair. Paper by Richardson "On the investigation of epidemics by experiment." Cholera not included in animal exp]

"State Vaccination." MTG 16 (1858): 432. [rec by Epi Soc of London]
Sewage of Towns. MTG 16 (1858): 508. [May number, commenting on report from commission]
Composition of water supplied by London water cos. MTG 16 (1858): 618.
Announcement of Snow's death on 16 June. MTG 16 (1858): 633-34. ["our distinguished and estimable brother, Dr. Snow."]

"Chloroform and ether." MTG 17 (1858): 150-51. [ltr to ed J. Rutledge; 7 August issue]

"Disinfection of London Sewage." MTG 17 (1858): 151-52. [7 August issue; ltr to ed by Dr. A. Bernays]

"Professional Practice under the Medical Act." MTG 17 (1858): 171-72. [editorial, 14 August; critical of Act for maintaining existing distinctions among medical corporations–"Physician, Surgeon, and Apothecary or General Practitioner"--and simply adding a fourth class of practitioner, "Medical Graduates," since any graduate of medicine from a British university may henceforth register their degree (in London, esp) and practice accordingly.]
Epitome of Sanitary Literature. SR&JPH 4 (1858): 138. [abstract of argument by Dr. Pinkerton–contingent contagion with "cholera poison" having a zymotic character–able to lie dormant in a favorable spot and breaking out again where predisposing causes are conducive.]
Epitome of Sanitary Literature. SR&JPH 4 (1858): 246. [abstract of Lauder Lindsay's Transmission of Diseases between Man and the Lower Animals; notes that cholera is among human diseases that can occur in lower animals, some are transmissible by contagion or otherwise from humans to lower animals, and vice versa. Conclusion: urges experimentation on lower animals.]

"Epidemics and their Everyday Causes." SR&JPH 4 (1858): 256. [essay by W. I. Cox, surgeon: "the dependence of outbreaks of cholera on the use of foul water, is now too well known to be questioned, even by the most skeptical on such points." But seems to mean water fouled by excess of organic matter, including human egesta–not from cholera victims specifically.]

"Sanitary Condition of the People of England." MTG 17 (1858): 246-48. [editorial, 4 Sept]
Editorial. MTG 17 (1858): 248. [4 Sept issue; "Another death from Chloroform. Had poor Snow been still among us he would have been down to Epsom and Ewell, and we should have had full particulars of the case for the information of the Profession. As it is we must wait for further information . . . ."]

"Death from Chloroform." MTG 17 (1858): 282. [11 Sept issue]

"What is ‘Change of type in disease?'" MTG 17 (1858): 289-90.

"The Medical Act: An act to regulate the qualifications of practitioners in medicine and surgery." MTG 17 (1858): 315-20. [25 Sept issue; para by para]

"Main Drainage Difficulties." MTG 17 (1858): 347-48. [2 October editorial]
Several letters and articles on chloroform in rest of MTG 17 (1858), some of which refer to "Dr. Snow's theory that chloroform kills by paralyzing the heart . . . ."