Contemporary Writings (General)

George Budd and George Busk, "Report of twenty cases of malignant cholera that occurred in the Seaman's Hoospital Ship Dreadnought, in 1837." Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 21 (1836-38): 152-85. [read 14 December 1837; order via ILL]

 Budd. "Statistical Account of cholera in the Seaman's Hospital, in 1832."  Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 22 (1838-39): 110-23.[read 26 Feb 1839]

Census Enumerators' Notebooks (microfilm): 1841: HO ?? [for London]

Farr, William. Report on the Mortality of Cholera in England, 1848-49.  London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1852.

----. Vital Statistics: A Memorial Volume of Selections from the Reports and Writings. Noel A. Humphreys, ed. London: Sanitary Institute, 1885. Reprint with an introduction by Mervyn Susser and Abraham Adelstein. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1975 (our photocopy is on 1853/54 epidemic only).

Great Britain. General Register Office. Weekly return for England and Wales [of] births and deaths, infectious diseases, weather . . . ." London, 1840-1972?. [?? order ILL for epidemic weeks of 1848-49 (check exact dates before ordering; miscataloged in NLM: they are missing first forty-odd years.]

Hassall, Arthur H. Narrative of a Busy Life. An Autobiography. London: Longman's, Green, 1893).

Herschel, Preliminary Discourse. 1830. [HB extract]

Journal of Public Health, and Sanitary Review. Vols. 1-2 (no. 1-8; 1855-Jan.57). London. Includes the Transactions of the Epidemiological Society of London, 1855-56. Continued as The Sanitary Review and Journal of Public Health. [NLM: Film S09627. Regular section on "Dictionary of Food and Drinks"; Introduction (1: 1-7) gives rationale for Epi soc, its missions, composition, etc.]

Laycock, Thomas. Lectures on the Principles and Methods of Medical Observation and Research. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1856. [theory necessary to investigation; difference between the method of analogy and of blindly working observations (188); how true analogies may be discovered; discovery of true analogies always progressive; the analogical method; JS not mentioned in index.]

Liebig, Justus. Chemistry in it Application to Agriculture and Physiology. 2nd ed. Lyon Playfair, ed. London: Taylor and Walton, 1942.[filed with Snow's CMC]

London Journal of Medicine. A Monthly Record of the Medical Archives. 4 vols. London  1849-52. [in 1853, withdrew in favor of the AMJ, the revised journal of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association.

London Medical and Surgical Journal; exhibiting a view of the improvements and discoveries in the various branches of medical science.

London Medical Gazette. 48 vols. London: 1827-1851.

Medical Society of London. A Catalogue of Books contained in the Library of the Medical Society of London. London, 1829.

----. Transactions. Vol. 1 (New Series). London: Samuel Highley, 1846. [nothing by JS; nothing related to cholera or anaesthesia]

Medical Times. 24 vols. London, 1839-51. First subtitle was, A Journal of English and Foreign Medicine and Miscellany of Medical Affairs; shifted to A Journal of Medical and Chemical Science, Literature, Criticism, and News in [??. Amalgamated in 1852 with London Medical Gazette to publish MTG thereafter.

Medical Times and Gazette. [?? vols. London: 1852-[??.

Mühry, A. Ueber den Unterschied der contagiösen und der miasmatischen Krankheiten,besonders über die Contagion der Pest und des Typhus; vom geographischen Standpunkte." Zeitschrift für Rationelle Medicin. Ed. J. Henle. 6 (1855): 211-26.

Newton, John Frank. The Return to Nature, or, A Defence of the Vegetable Regimen; with some account of an experiment made during the last three or four years in the author's family. Part I. London: T. Cadell & W. Davies, 1811.  Reprinted in The Pamphleteer 19 (1821):497-530, 20 (1822):97-118.

Nightingale, Florence. Suggestions for Thought. Michael D. Calabria and Janet A. Macrae, eds. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994. [Steve's selections]

Pacini, Filipo. "Osservazioni microscopiche e Deduzioni patologiche sui Cholera Asiatico." Gazetta Medica Italiana, Toscana 6 (19 December 1854):405-12. [asked David LoRomer for trans. Pathological Society of London. Transactions. Vols. -6. London, 1846-??. [JS NOT on list of members in session of 1846-47; elected in 1850-51 session.]

Radcliffe, John Netten. The Pestilence in England: An Historical Sketch. London: Hamilton, Adams, 1852.

Robinson, James. Treatise on the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether for the Prevention of Pain in Surgical Operations. 1847. Reprint, with a Preface by Richard H. Ellis. Eastbourne, UK: Baillière Tindall, 1983.

Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions. 1809-1907. [includes those published when called Medical and Chirurgical Society of London.

----. Proceedings of the Society. London, 1856- [to be published, usually every two months, in addition to the Transactions. Vol 1 is for 1856-57 session; one vol for each session thereafter. For each meeting, notes how many fellows and guests were present, but does not list the names. Then has abstracts of papers read, and other matters covered.]]

Sanitary Review and Journal of Public Health. Vols. 3-4 (nos. 9-16; Mar. 57 - Jan. 59). Includes Transactions from 1857-58. (NLM: Film S09759)

Smith, Protheroe. An Inquiry, Physiological and Pathological, into the Proximate Cause of Cholera. London: Bailliere, 1835; 2nd ed., 1849–the one we have. [based on his involvement in 1831-32 epidemic, including comparison of post mortem inspections, "attentive observation of the disease in its different stages" (5), and various modes of treatment–ie., clinicopathological + hospital medicine; considers bedside med outmoded because of its attachment to humoral symptoms. New medicine looks for origins in morbid changes of different organs (8). "The organization, of which man is constituted, is susceptible of innumerable motions" some of which are controllable, many are not. Muscular action (animal) + vegetable (vital functions), with "circulation and vital properties of the blood" most fundamental [but thought of as an organ rather than seat of humors] (9). Ultimate principle ("vital affinity") unknown, but operates according to "fixed laws"; "chemical affinities of the living body" can be studied, from which can emerge an understanding of proximate causes. Believes "harmony of the several parts of the mechanical system which constitutes the body" is the meaning of health (11). In case of cholera, Smith's argument is that an "unnatural stimulus" (perhaps due to "pestilential miasms") disrupt the brain and nervous system, producing fever (on analogy from inflammation from wounds) and the three stages of cholera (he refers to the third as "consecutive fever, typhus, or debility" (14). Considers the "exciting cause" a "morbid impression on the follicular apparatus of the intestines" (14-15). The brain attempts "to resist the assailant" by an inordinate increase in normal functions of alimentary canal—> preliminary fever. Thickening of blood is a consequence of this response, not a cause of cholera in its first stage. Treatment: all geared to restoring harmony/balance by administering specifics to counter the proximate cause (nervous overreaction to original external stimulus on intestines); this is based on disease and organ specificity of hospital medicine, not humoral doctrine–see esp. 30. When successful, "re-action takes place" (31). Seems to prefer heat-producing specifics in the second and third stages. A wonderful expression: "in articulo mortis" (34). Use of case notes (hosp med paradigm), but also vestiges of Sydenham: "Experience, the strictest test of theory, lays open its evidence alike to the greatest and to the least of observers" (39). A bit of CMC anticipation in use of analogy, but without the speculative punch or reach of JS's view of medical science: "The huge coral reef is the work of minute but countless polypes [sic]; so the construction of a correct theory arises from the congregation of facts elicited by the diligence of a host of fellow-labourers . . . in the path of Medical Science" (40).

Snow, Thomas. "Propagation of Cholera.." The Times of London, 26 September 1885. [ltr. to ed, clarifying his brother's theory in contradiction to what was alleged in an article about Madrid]

----. "Dr. Snow on the Communication of Cholera."  The Times of London, 20 November 1885. [ltr. to ed, in which he explains that JS's theory antedates the Br. St. p episode; but he also introduces the notion that "the immediate abatement of the cholera–when, on Dr. Snow's urgent appeal, the authorities removed the handle of the pump–was the means of bringing his theory before the notice of the general public. . ."]

Taylor, A. An Address to the Inhabitants of Lancashire, and of the Adjoining Counties, on the Present State of the Medical Profession, with remarks on the Elementary Education of the Student, and the Best Means of Its Acquirement. . . . London: Longman, et al, 1827. [body of address is identical to preface to the Principles and Practice.]

----. Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence. London: Churchill, 1865. [mentions that he performed a post-mortem at Guy's with "the late Dr. Snow" involving an apparatus for testing presence of chloroform in tissues; 318-21]

Turner, Thomas. Outlines of Medico-Chirurgical Science; containing remarks on medical education and illustrations of the application of Anatomy, Physiology, & Pathology to the principal practical points in medicine and surgery. 2nd ed. London: Underwood, 1827.

United Kingdom. House of Commons. "Digest of Parochial Returns Made to the Select Committee Appointed to Inquire into the Education of the Poor, 1818." Sessional Papers, 1819. Vol. 9, Part 2.

United Kingdom. Parliament. First Report of the Commissioners for inquiring into the State of   Large Towns and Populous Districts. Vol. II. London: HMSO, 1844. [Joseph Quick's testimony, 114-36.]

Westminster Medical Society. Proceedings of . . . , Session 1848-9. London, 1849.

Wright, Thomas Giordani. Diary of a Doctor-Surgeon's Assistant in Newcastle, 1826-1829. [?? check title; check at Taubman or order ILL; ref from David Zuck]